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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology January 2012 | Vol. 35. No.2

Paper ID:	14783 -JATIT
Title:	ONTOLOGY MAPPING FOR INTEROPERABILITY REPRESENTATIONS IN HOTEL DOMAIN
Author:	A. JUARNA, R. REFIANTI, A.B. MUTIARA, D.I. PRATIWI
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 135 - 140 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	With the development of information technology today is the nature of today's information is also experiencing growth. These developments encourage a more dynamic source of information, autonomy, variety and large. Diversity occurs not only at the technical level but also at the level of representation of information. This difference can occur at syntactic, schematic and semantic level. This diversity also occurs in the hotel domains that do not have a standard that refers to the tourism domain. The existing traditional methods have not been able to overcome the problem of diversity to achieve interoperability in heterogeneous data sources. So with this method the obtained results are not necessarily relevant to the user wishes. One of the most viable approaches is the creation “Query Rewriting” based on ontology and mapping. As a mapping approach it is used GLAV (Global-Local-As-View) which is a combination of approaches GAV (Global-As-View) and LAV (Local-As-View). While the diversity of existing terminology in each source of data for specific domains basically state the same meaning as defined in the common ontology. In this paper it will be explained the illustrations of “Query Re-writing” and the steps to create mappings for the hotel domain using the Protege 3.4 as tool.
Keywords	Interoperability, Mapping, Common Ontology, Semantic web, Query re-writing
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Paper ID:	14730 -JATIT
Title:	AN EFFICIENT METHOD TO IMPROVE THE SPATIAL PROPERTY OF MEDICAL IMAGES
Author:	M.MALINI DEEPIKA, Dr.V.VAITHYANATHAN
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 141 - 148 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Now a days clinical diagnosis is emerging with digital images. In this paper we have dealt with computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI). Where CT is rich in denser tissue with less distortion. PET with border of anatomical structure are blurred. MRI image has the complementary property, which provides better information on soft tissues but with more distortion. By combining any of these two complementary images we end up with new image which contains denser tissue with lesser distortion. For this process we use Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform to decompose the images and Pulse Coupled Neural Network is used to motivate the lower frequency pixels. Thereby the fused image’s spatial property is improved. The exact edges of the fused images are found by applying it to a canny edge detection method to find tumour present in the FUSED image.
Keywords	Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI), Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT), Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN)
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Paper ID:	14434 -JATIT
Title:	A MODIFIED CRYPTO SCHEME FOR ENHANCING DATA SECURITY
Author:	MANIKANDAN.G, RAJENDIRAN.P, CHAKARAPANI.K, KRISHNAN.G, SUNDARGANESH.G
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 149 - 154 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	On considering the current scenario, Most of the existing systems which offer security to a network or web or to a data are vulnerable to attacks and they are breached at some point of time by effective cryptanalysis, irrespective of its complex algorithmic design. In general, today’s crypto world is restricted to a practice of following any one single encryption scheme and that too for a single iteration on a single file basis. This is evident in the 99% of the encryption-decryption cases. So, A need for “practically strong and infeasible to get attacked” technique becomes vital. In this paper, we propose a Software tool which involves Cryptographic enciphering and deciphering along with File Splitting and Merging mechanisms. We used modified Blowfish algorithm for Encryption and Decryption of data. Though we use only one algorithm, we differentiate the cryptographic scheme by varying the key for varying file slices. Our results clearly justifies that our tool serves as a better solution both in terms of performance as well as security.
Keywords	Cryptography, File Slicing, Modified Blowfish Algorithm, Security
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Paper ID:	14555 -JATIT
Title:	A NOVEL APPROACH TO GENERATE WATERMARKS USING AUDITORY FEATURES FOR AUDIO WATERMARKING
Author:	TRIBHUWAN KUMAR TEWARI, VIKAS SAXENA, J.P GUPTA
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 155 - 162 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	The increasing number of problems related to the ownership protection of the multimedia content & its authentication due to digital revolution had lead to evolution of digital watermarking techniques. Digital watermarking provides a viable solution in minimizing this problem and boosting the confidence among multimedia content i.e. text, image, video, audio providers to make available there content on a public domain. But the watermarks used in most of the watermarking methods are not personalized or unique because of which the problem of ambiguity arises if same watermark is used by two individuals. In this paper we propose a novel method to generate a unique personalized watermark which can act as authenticating information for any watermarking algorithm specially targeting an audio. The watermarks are generated through feature vectors extracted from the speech of an individual which are unique for a particular person. The uniqueness of the watermark is shown through exhaustive experiments.
Keywords	Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Audio Watermarking, Digital Right Management (DRM), Feature Extraction, Personalized Watermarks, Security)
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Paper ID:	14650 -JATIT
Title:	A THEORETICAL PREDICTION OF USERS IN WCDMA INTERFERENCE
Author:	JRAIFI ABDELOUAHED
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp163 - 168 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	The major problem that we are faced too in wireless systems is the interference. This problem contributes in limiting the performance of cellular networks. In 3G, Wide Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) techniques play an important role. WCDMA is defined as a digital cellular wireless technique that uses the method of spread spectrum to convert a digital narrow radio signal to a wide radio signal. Among the popular civilian techniques that use spread spectrum communications, we find Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). In this paper, we study the cochannel interference that affects the system performance. Also,the different causes of interference are identified. By adopting microzoning architecture, we have developed an analytical expression of the ratio Signal to Noise (SNR). Then, we used this result to predict some parameters. By fixing the SNR variable to a specific value, we extract easily information on the optimal numbers of users.
Keywords	WCDMA, Interference, Wireless Systems, Cellular System, 3g.
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Paper ID:	14729 -JATIT
Title:	PATTERN VISUALIZATION ON METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR RAINFALL PREDICTION MODEL
Author:	S. MEGANATHAN , T.R. SIVARAMAKRISHNAN
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp169 - 174 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Regional rainfall forecast is an important task for meteorologists. While statistical methods are usually in vogue, for this, the concept of data mining is applied to see the efficacy. The objective of this work is to develop a forecast method for the rainfall of the Northeast (NE) season over the Cauvery delta region of South India. There are three main parts in this work. The first part is in loading the meteorological data into centralized server so that it can be extracted and filtered according to our needs. Secondly, graphical visualization has been applied by using gnuplot. And finally the association rules have been mined from those former outputs. From these results we can assess the monthly and seasonal rainfall for the future. Results show that overall accuracy of this approach is satisfactory.
Keywords	Association Rule, Data Mining, Rainfall Prediction, Gnuplot.
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Paper ID:	14734 -JATIT
Title:	A HYBRID SCHEMA ZONE-BASED KEY MANAGEMENT FOR MANETS
Author:	THAIR KHDOUR, ABDULLAH AREF
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 175 - 183 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	As various applications of wireless ad hoc network have been proposed, security has become one of the big research challenges and is receiving increasing attention Securing communications in resource constrained, infrastructure-less environments such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is very challenging. Cryptographic techniques are widely used for secure communications in wired and wireless networks. Most cryptographic mechanisms, such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, often involve the use of cryptographic keys. However, all cryptographic techniques will be ineffective if the key management is weak. The purpose of key management is to provide secure procedures for handling cryptographic keying materials. The tasks of key management include key generation, key distribution, and key maintenance. In MANETs, the computational load and complexity for key management are strongly subject to restriction by the node's available resources and the dynamic nature of network topology. A number of key management schemes have been proposed for MANETs. In this paper, we present a survey of the research work on key management in MANETs according to recent literature then we propose a zone based variant of the recently proposed cluster-based hybrid schema, with an attempt to keep the advantages of the hybrid schema.
Keywords	Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), Key Management, Zone-Based Key Management, Hybrid Schema.
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Paper ID:	14721 -JATIT
Title:	BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES COMPARISON FOR ULTRA WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATION
Author:	MAMDOUH GOUDA MOHAMMED Y. M. YOUSEF
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 184 - 193 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Since the release by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of a bandwidth of 7.5GHz (from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz) for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communications, UWB is rapidly advancing as a high data rate wireless communication technology. As is the case in conventional wireless communication systems, an antenna also plays a very crucial role in UWB systems. However, there are more challenges in designing a UWB antenna than a narrow band one. A suitable UWB antenna should be capable of operating over an ultra-wide bandwidth as allocated by the FCC. At the same time, satisfactory radiation properties over the entire frequency range are also necessary. To choose an optimum antenna topology for ultra wideband (UWB) design, several factors must be taken into account including physical profile, compatibility, impedance bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and radiation pattern. The main challenge in UWB antenna design is achieving the very broad bandwidth with high radiation efficiency and small in size. Accordingly, many techniques to broaden the impedance bandwidth of small antennas and to optimize the characteristics of broadband antennas have been widely investigated in many published papers as listed in this article. Planar monopole antennas are good candidates owing to their wide impedance bandwidth, omni-directional radiation pattern, compact and simple structure, low cost and ease of construction. Further detail on various bandwidth enhancement techniques will be discussed in this paper. This paper focuses on UWB planar printed circuit board (PCB) antenna design and analysis. Extensive investigations are carried out on the development of UWB antennas from the past to present. First, the planar PCB antenna designs for UWB system is introduced and described. Next, the special design considerations for UWB antennas are summarized. State-of-the-art UWB antennas are also reviewed. Finally, a new concept (case studies) for the design of a UWB antenna with a bandwidth ranging from 3GHz-8GHz is introduced, which satisfies the system requirements for S-DMB, WiBro, WLAN, CMMB and the entire UWB .
Keywords	Microstrip antenna, Wide Band, Ultra Wide Band.
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Paper ID:	14722 -JATIT
Title:	SATELLITE TIME CODE FORMAT GENERATION AND INTERFACING TO COMPUTER WITH RS-232 USING UART DEVELOPED IN VHDL
Author:	DUDDU PRADEEP KUMAR, A.V.V. PRASAD, S. YUGANDHAR REDDY, R. SEETHA LAKSHMI, P. SWAMINATHAN
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 194 - 200 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	National Remote Sensing Center (NRSC) receives data from different remote satellites like IRS-P6, IRS-P5, Cartosat-2, Cartosat-2a, etc., and processes it depending on the user requirements. The satellite data received in X band is in a particular data format. This data has to be frame synchronized using a special hardware. This hardware needs time information in a special format. This time information is added in every line by the frame synchronization hardware. In the proposed project VHDL code has been developed for the generation of time in days, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds, microseconds structure in a BCD format. Computer will provide the start time. This time will be interfaced to the developed hardware using the UART developed within the ALTERA EPLD. The time increments will be displayed on HP display devices. The developed hardware will continuously increment from the start time provided by the computer at an interval of 1micro second. This project has been implemented and tested using the ALTERA EPLDs. This needs RS232 settings like baud rate, parity, start bits, stop bits, etc., must be programmed as per the requirement. The hardware required for this has been implemented on the wire-warp board.
Keywords	Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL), Binary Coded Decimal (BCD), Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART), Electrically Programmable Logic Device (EPLD)
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Paper ID:	14747 -JATIT
Title:	DEVELOPMENT OF SMART FIREWALL LOAD BALANCING FRAMEWORK FOR MULTIPLE FIREWALLS WITH AN EFFICIENT HEURISTIC FIREWALL RULE SET
Author:	R. BALA KRISHNAN, Dr. N. K. SAKTHIVEL
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 201 - 207 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Firewalls are the devices that we are used to protect data. It might be configured to allow certain devices or applications to access our network. The Firewalls are termed as stateful devices. Traditional firewalls typically need to inspect each packet to ensure that it adheres to the policy that has been configured or not, and then perform the necessary action associated to that particular rule. There are various actions and they are typically allow, deny, or even NAT the packet. Many Personal Computer Operating Systems include software-based Firewalls to protect against threats from the public Internet. Existing Firewall Technologies such as Cisco PIX Firewalls and Checkpoint FireWall-1 provide various software tools that allowing firewalls as Clustered or Grouped and these Configured Firewalls will share their loads. The main objectives of these existing technologies are to improve the Resource Utilization along with performance and Security. But however these techniques fail to achieve higher performance while focusing resource utilization. This is one of the serious issues. To address this problem, our research work is developed and implemented an efficient Adaptive Scheduler, which improves the network performance in terms of Resource Utilization, Delay and Throughput. This work also introduced Firewall Reduction Policy, which reduces firewall rules without compromising Security. From our Experimental results, it is established that this proposed technique reduces the computational cost, which leads to higher performance.
Keywords	Firewall, Adaptive Scheduler, Resource Utilization
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Paper ID:	14746 -JATIT
Title:	DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT DATA MINING CLASSIFIER WITH MICROARRAY DATA SET FOR GENE SELECTION AND CLASSIFICATION
Author:	A. SUMATHI, S. SANTHOSHKUMAR, Dr. N. K. SAKTHIVEL
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 208 - 214 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Microarray sample classification has been studied extensively using classification techniques in machine learning and pattern recognition. In a microarray chip, the number of genes available is far greater than that of samples, which is a serious problem and the gene expression reduction, is important one. Prior to sample classification, it is important to perform gene selection and more interpretable genes to be identified as biomarkers, so that a more efficient, accurate, and reliable performance in classification can be achieved. For this purpose, a hybrid scheme was proposed and this scheme is called as Single Filter – Single Wrapper Classifier (SFSW). In this technique, the Filter approach is used to select the data sets from the large Microarray and the Wrapper approach is used to classify the gene expressions from the selected data sets. From the available statistical report, it is revealed that the Filter method has a fast dimensionality reduction step for selecting a small set of genes at the cost of accuracy and the Wrapper method used for improving classification accuracy on this small set of genes at the cost of computational delay. However this approach also has some problems such as different filtered subset leads to complex evaluation. Hence an Efficient Hybrid Classifier called “Multiple-Filter-Multiple-Wrapper Technique” has been proposed with improved performance of SFSW. The use of Multiple Filters with different filter metrics ensures that useful biomarkers are unlikely to be screened out in the initial filter stage. The use of Multiple Wrappers is intended to optimize the reliability of the classification by establishing consensus among several classifiers. However, in this research work, we have identified that the Classification Accuracy of MFMW is poor due to the consideration of Indecisive Prediction Status. Hence, this Research Work is introduced an efficient classifier called ICS4-MFMW, which is focusing both the dimensionality reduction and Indecisive Status. This work is demonstrated its efficiency in terms of classification accuracy with Sensitivity and Specificity. From the result, it is revealed that our proposed work perform better as compared with the existing MFMW Classifier.
Keywords	Microarray, Pattern Recognition, Filter, Wrapper, Classifier, Sensitivity and Specificity
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Paper ID:	14607 -JATIT
Title:	IMPROVEMENT OF SPATIAL REUSE AND THROUGHPUT USING OCSMA PROTOCOL IN WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORKS
Author:	T.SHANKAR, R.DHANABAL, A.KARTHIKEYAN, Dr. S. SHANMUGAVEL, V. BHARATHI
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 215 - 224 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	In wireless ad hoc networks (WANets), multihop routing may result in a node knowing the content of transmissions of nearby nodes. This knowledge can be used to improve spatial reuse in the network, thereby enhancing network throughput. This paper is to develop overlapped transmission techniques based on this idea and analyze several factors affecting their performance. Then develop a MAC protocol based on the IEEE 802.11 standard to support overlapped transmission in a WANet. The resulting overlapped carrier-sense multiple access (OCSMA) protocol improves spatial reuse and end-to-end throughput in a random network scenario.
Keywords	Adhoc Networks, Carrier Sense, Overlapped Transmission
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Paper ID:	14744 -JATIT
Title:	TECHNIQUES AND CHALLENGES OF AUTOMATIC TEXT EXTRACTION IN COMPLEX IMAGES: A SURVEY
Author:	C.P. SUMATHI, T. SANTHANAM, N. PRIYA
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 225 - 235 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Text extraction in images and video has been developing rapidly since 1990s and is an important research field in content-based information indexing and retrieval, automatic annotation and structuring of images. Extraction of this information involves detection, localization, tracking, extraction, enhancement, and recognition of the text from a given image. However, variations of text due to differences in size, style, orientation, and alignment, as well as low image contrast and complex background make the problem of automatic text extraction extremely difficult and challenging job. A large number of techniques have been proposed to address this problem and the purpose of this paper is to classify and review these techniques, discuss the applications and performance evaluation, and to identify promising directions for future research.
Keywords	Text Extraction, Text Detection, Text Localization, Text Tracking, Text Enhancement
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Paper ID:	14739 -JATIT
Title:	EFFICIENT TRUST ESTABLISHMENT MECHANISMS
Author:	S.DELIGHT MARY, K.S.RAVICHANDRAN
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 236 - 241 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	The extensive use of the Internet, for exchanging information, requesting and offering services make us to interact with unknown entities. Human use trust to facilitate interaction and accept the risk, when complete information is unavailable. In such situations, trust establishment mechanisms enable establishment of trust between unknown entities. Trust is a complex concept to define stringently due to its multifaceted nature. This paper presents the characteristics of trust observed from various views and types of trust the automated trust establishment mechanisms need to model for the future. The confidence in the identity of the entity and the trust in that entity are the facilitator of trust for the proposed trust establishment mechanism. Finally, the objectives of the trust model, to be used by the future trust establishment mechanism are highlighted.
Keywords	Trust, Trust Establishment, Continuum Of Trust, Identity, Credential, Negotiation, Attributes Of Identity/Credential, Trust Model, Privacy
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Paper ID:	14720 -JATIT
Title:	A DECADE OF PRODUCTIVE FPGA UTILIZATION WITH GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Author:	BHARATHI NAVANEETHAKRISHNAN, NEELAMEGAM P
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 242 - 249 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Genetic algorithms are one of the best ways to deal with the optimization problems. They are precisely suitable for mixed combinatorial problems. As genetic algorithms find the solution by producing more number of population generations based on selection, crossover, mutation etc.,it can be further improved by exploiting computation power of Field programmable gate arrays. The FPGAs are highly used reconfigurable hardware, which increase the speed of genetic algorithms. In this paper, the exploitation of FPGA to implement genetic algorithm based optimization problems in different frontiers for the past decade is studied.
Keywords	Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), Genetic Algorithm(GA), Selection, Mutation, Crossover, fitness function, Chromosome mapping
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Paper ID:	14738 -JATIT
Title:	SIMULATION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION AND ENGINE POLLUTANT IN CELLULAR AUTOMATON
Author:	A. MADANI, N. MOUSSA
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 250 - 257 Vol 35. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Among the aspects that require a major interest in the field of traffic modeling is the simulation of the fuel consumption and engine emissions. In this paper, we study the fuel consumption and gas emissions caused by traffic in the Nagel and Schreckenberg (NaSch) model, and some of its variants, with closed boundary conditions. The behavior of the consumption and the emissions in different models are analyzed and compared. The influences of the presence / absence of traffic lights are also investigated.
Keywords	Cellular Automata Models, Fuel Consumption, Gas Emissions, UML
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