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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology February 2012 | Vol. 36 No.2

Paper ID:	14913 -JATIT
Title:	LOW-SPEED SENSORLESS CONTROL OF PMSM MOTOR DRIVE USING A NONLINEAR APPROACH BACKSTEPPING CONTROL: FPGA-BASED IMPLEMENTATION
Author:	BADRE BOSSOUFI, MOHAMMED KARIM, SILVIU IONITA, AHMED LAGRIOUI
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 154 - 166 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	This paper presents a novel speed control technique for a permanent magnets synchronous (PMSM) drive based on newly nonlinear backstepping technique. We design a not adaptive speed regulator for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In this paper, we present a new contribution of FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Array) for control of electrical machines. In this paper a robust continuous approach nonlinear not adaptative Control strategy for permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems is presented. This control scheme is based on an adaptive pole placement control strategy integrated to a Backstepping control scheme. The overall stability of the system is shown using Lyapunov technique. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed not adaptive scheme can track the speed reference. A bench test was realized by a prototyping platform, the experimental results obtained show the effectiveness and the benefit of our contribution and the different steps of implementation for the control FPGA.
Keywords	Not Adaptive Backstepping control, Backstepping Design Technique, FPGAs, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM), Lyaponov Stability, Robust Adaptive Control, FPGA-Based implementation
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Paper ID:	14853 -JATIT
Title:	IMPROVING INFORMATION RETRIEVAL USING DOCUMENT CLUSTERS AND SEMANTIC SYNONYM EXTRACTION
Author:	G.BHARATHI, D.VENKATESAN
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 167 - 173 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Document clustering has been investigated for use in a number of different areas of text mining and information retrieval. Initially, document clustering was investigated for improving the precision or recall in information retrieval systems and as an efficient way of finding the nearest neighbors of a document. More recently, clustering has been proposed for use in browsing a collection of documents or in organizing the results returned by a search engine in response to a user’s query. This paper presents a new semantic synonym based correlation indexing method in which documents are clustered based on nearest neighbors from the document collection and then further refined by semantically relating the query term with the retrieved documents by making use of a thesaurus or ontology model to improve the performance of Information Retrieval System (IRS) by increasing the number of relevant documents retrieved. Results show that the proposed method achieves significant improvement than the existing methods and may generate the more relevant document in the top rank.
Keywords	Document Cluster, Information Retrieval, Semantic Similarity, Correlation Preserving Indexing (CPI)
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Paper ID:	14849 -JATIT
Title:	FDR PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM FOR NETWORK RECONFIGURATION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Author:	K.KIRAN KUMAR, DR.N.VENKATA RAMANA, DR.S.KAMAKSHAIAH
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 174 - 181 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	This paper proposes a novel particle swarm optimization algorithm for reconfiguration of distribution system named Fitness Distance Ratio Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (FDR-PSOA) to reduce the power loss of the system. In Conventional PSO all the solutions damps towards local pbest and thoroughly ignore other pbest points due to the convergence criteria and targets mainly on local optima than global optima. The proposed FDR-PSOA in contrast, considers local pbest points as well as neighbouring pbest values before arriving to gbest. This method thoroughly avoids premature convergence as well as convergence towards global optima. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through IEEE 16 and 33 bus standard test systems.
Keywords	FDR-PSO, Reconfiguration, Distribution Systems, Power loss
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Paper ID:	14845 -JATIT
Title:	COMPARATIVE APPROACH FOR RANKING BY SCRUTINIZING THE WEB OPINION USING SDCA
Author:	N.DEEPTHI, R.SEETHALAKSHMI
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 182 - 189 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Web opinions are available for the social sites due to the advancement in the technology. The web opinion acts as an interface between the internet users and web. It allows internet users to communicate and express their opinions. But analyzing and clustering of the web opinion is a challenging task. The clustering of the typical document differs from clustering of the web opinion. The web opinions are taken from the social networks. Analyzing the social network helps in preventing the crimes, terrorists activities etc. The scalable density based algorithm enables the identification of themes within discussions in web social networks and their development. The predefined set for clustering is useful in web opinion clustering. The ranking methods that are being used for clustering are the XMLTF*IDF and Bin Ranking
Keywords	Clustering, Scalable Density Based Clustering, Web opinion, Ranking, DBSCAN
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Paper ID:	14842 -JATIT
Title:	AN EFFICIENT MEDICAL IMAGE DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM USING SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES
Author:	V.SIVAKRITHIKA, S.SENGOLE MERLIN, K.SUGIRTHA
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 190 - 198 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	In this paper, we aim at presenting the process of building up of an accurate data mining architecture for detecting cancer at very early stages to enhance the probability of successful cure. Existing Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems make use of the association rule-based classification that suffers from some problems inherited from the Association Rule Mining (ARM) such as handling of continuous data and the support/confidence framework. Such problems lead to impreciseness in its operation and uncertainty about the results. The proposed method is a hybrid system that combines the principles of soft computing techniques such as Fuzzy Discretization, Genetic Network Programming (GNP) and GNP based Classification. Application of Fuzzy Discretization on the extracted features of the image makes it feasible to identify the potential cancer forming cells of tumors even at initial stages of their development. GNP is used for the Rule mining as it optimizes the rule extraction process and make the system autonomous and self-learning. This method of diagnosis of cancer based on Fuzzy Discretization and Rule Mining using GNP provides more accurate results in identifying the images in a tumor to be Malign (cancerous cell), Benign (not cancerous)
Keywords	Medical Image Diagnosis, Cancer Diagnosis, Soft Computing Techniques, Fuzzy logic, Genetic Network Programming ,Texture Feature Extraction, Fuzzy Discretization, Genetic Network Programming Based Rule Mining
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Paper ID:	14823 -JATIT
Title:	AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF CRACKS IN PAVEMENTS USING EDGE DETECTION OPERATOR
Author:	B.SANTHI, G.KRISHNAMURTHY, S.SIDDHARTH, P.K.RAMAKRISHNAN
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 199 - 205 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Crack detection in pavements and objects has been a constant field of research in pavement management. Conventionally, humans were engaged to detect cracks in the pavements and they used to present report sheets based on their assessment. But, this process was a time consuming one and was costlier too. So, researchers were trying for some alternate method that would detect cracks, hence minimizing the human involvement and at the same time detecting the cracks precisely. This gave way to numerous automated techniques for the detection of cracks. In this paper, an automated technique to detect cracks in pavements by means of digital image processing is proposed. This technique detects the horizontal, vertical and diagonal cracks on buildings, pavements, soils, roads, objects, etc. Some conditions such as complex texture, bad illumination, and non-uniform background in images may influence the accuracy of the automatic system. So, a lot of work has been made to overcome these hardships and to provide a well-organized method for crack detection. First, the images are processed by gray scale morphological processing. Subsequently, the final result is obtained by filtering the images (Butterworth filter) and then applying the edge detection operators (canny). By visual inspection, contented detection results are obtained through this method
Keywords	Butterworth Filter, Automated Crack Detection, Canny Edge Detection Operator, Gray Scale Morphology
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Paper ID:	14822 -JATIT
Title:	ROBUST FEATURES FOR NOISY TEXT-INDEPENDENT SPEAKER IDENTIFICATION USING GFCC ALGORITHM COMBINED TO VAD AND CMN TECHNIQUES
Author:	E. B. TAZI, A. BENABBOU, M. HARTI
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 206 - 216 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	A major problem of most speaker identification systems is their unsatisfactory robustness in noisy environments. The performance of automatic speaker identification systems degrade drastically in the presence of noise and other distortions, especially when there is a noise level mismatch between the training and testing environments. In this experimental research we have studied a recently robust front-end algorithm based on Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients GFCC associated to Voice Activity Detector VAD and Cepstral Mean Normalization CMN techniques. Our system using a Gaussian Mixture Models GMM classifier are implemented under MATLAB®7 programming environment. An Expectation Maximization EM algorithm was used to maximize the sum of Gaussian densities until convergence was reached. Evaluation is carried out on our own database containing 51 mixed Arabic speakers. All test utterances are corrupted by a multilevel White Gaussian Noise WGN. Our aim is to study the performances of the suggested architecture and make a comparison with the conventional Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients MFCC method which we have successfully implemented and tested in the previous work. The obtained experimental results confirm the superior performance of the proposed method over MFCC and outperform it in different noisy environments. The evaluation results based on the recognition rate accuracy show that both MFCC and the proposed features extractor have perfects performances in low-noise environments when Signal per Noise Ratio SNR is greater than 35 dB (practically 100% in all cases). But when the SNR of test signal changed from 0 to 40 dB, the average accuracy of the MFCCs methods is only 52.14%, while the proposed GFCCs features extractors associated to VAD and CMN techniques still achieves an average accuracy of 57.22%.
Keywords	Cepstral Mean Normalisation (CMN); Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (GFCC); Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs); Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC); Robust speaker identification; Voice Activity Detector (VAD); White Gaussian Noise (WGN)
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Paper ID:	14800 -JATIT
Title:	THE INTEGRATION OF THE SPEED OF MOBILITY IN THE SELECTION OF MPR TO IMPROVE THE QOS IN AD HOC NETWORKS
Author:	N. LAKKI, A. OUACHA, A. HABBANI, J. EL ABBADI
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 217 - 226 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Many of the threats (security, energy, bandwidth and routing problems) facing mobile networks. All these threats are related to high mobility nodes. It is here that our work gives great importance to mobility. This work consists of two parts: The first part is to propose a new way to measure the mobility of nodes, one way is based on two principles: the number of nodes incoming and outgoing from a neighborhood and speed, use the formula to calculate the mobility of nodes in the Mob-OLSR. The second part attempts to improve network performance by the integration of a new version of OLSR protocol (Speed-OLSR). This work also aims to examine the impact of mobility and pause time on the behavior of different versions of OLSR: the standard OLSR, the Mob-OLSR, the Mob-2-OLSR and Speed-OLSR.
Keywords	Ad hoc Network, Routing, OLSR, Mob-OLSR, Mob-2-OLSR, Speed-OLSR, Mobility, Wireless Networks, Quality of Service, Speed and Speed of Mobility
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Paper ID:	14798 -JATIT
Title:	APPLICATION OF COARSE TO FINE LEVEL SET SEGMENTATION IN SATELLITE IMAGES
Author:	DEEPA VARGHESE, P. SELVARANI, Dr. V. VAITHIYANATHAN, R. D. SATHIYA
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 227 - 233 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Segmentation of vegetated areas is inevitable in precision agriculture and has high importance in urban area with social and environmental aspects. This paper addresses the segmentation of fused high resolution multispectral satellite images into distinct regions such as vegetation, buildings and barren land. Even though the IHS based fusion of satellite imagery improves the visual interpretation, it results in color distortion which can be nullified using vegetation indexes(VI).The vegetated area can be depicted using high resolution normalized vegetation index and to detect the distribution of vegetated area, soil classes, buildings and barren land. For that the coarse-to-fine level set method is used. Undecimated wavelet transform is adopted to separate focused areas from the background. Homogeneity metric is used to measure the variation inside and outside the contours. The weight distribution ratio is proposed to adaptively tune the relative weight of the features. Based on the homogeneity metric and the weight distribution ratio, a novel energy functional is developed to solve the contour extraction problem and a coarse-to-fine scheme is applied to progressively extract contours in finer scale which also reduces the computational burden
Keywords	Contour Extraction, Homogeneity Metric, Level Set Methods, Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS) Transform, Vegetation Enhancement
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Paper ID:	14797 -JATIT
Title:	AN AUTOMATED SUPPORT FOR EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE DESIGN DECISIONS
Author:	ADIL A.A. SAED, WAN M.N. WAN KADIR, HENTABLI HAMZA, ADIL YOUSIF
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 234 - 246 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	In recent years, there have been increasing interests in using Component-Based System Development (CBSD) approach to develop large and complex applications. It’s believed that satisfying quality attributes is an essential factor for the success of such systems. This paper introduces a novel approach to support the right decisions on selecting design alternatives decision at the early stage of component-based system development. In this approach, we implement Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, as the selected Intelligent Swarm (IS) optimization technique, to explore the design space for optimal design that satisfies the quality requirements. A case study from the Embedded System (ES) domain is used to demonstrate the applicability of the approach. The objectives of this paper are, to aid architects to decide on the level of redundancy within each subsystem based on reliability, and to make trades-off between reliability and performance based on the technical and cost preferences. The results of some preliminary experiments indicate the potentiality of the approach.
Keywords	Optimization algorithm, metaheuristic, Intelligent Swarm (IS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Reliability, Redundancy, Design Decision, Embedded System (ES)
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Paper ID:	14767 -JATIT
Title:	DESIGN AND FDTD MODELING OF MILLIMETER WAVE ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Author:	K. SHAMBAVI, ZACHARIAH C ALEX
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 247- 251 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	This paper presents the design and finite difference time domain (FDTD) modeling of millimeter wave aperture coupled microstrip antenna that can be realized as a on chip antenna in wireless sensor nodes. At millimeter wave frequency, antenna form factor is very low and hence integration of this antenna with the transceiver components as a single system on-chip, minimizes power consumption and system cost. Off-chip antenna increases the size of the sensor node and raises the system cost. The proposed antenna contributes impedance bandwidth of 3 GHz (59 GHz – 62 GHz) and maximum gain of 6.8 dBi. The proposed antenna occupies an area of 1500 μm × 2000 μm on a RT Duroid substrate of dimension 3000 μm × 3000 μm × 1500 μm. Due to very low antenna form factor, the proposed antenna along with the transceiver and sensor components can be integrated into a single system on chip with less system cost for wireless sensor networks
Keywords	Finite difference time domain (FDTD), Microstrip Antenna, Sensor nodes, Ultrawideband, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
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Paper ID:	14748 -JATIT
Title:	PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF FSC OF A 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE-CASE STUDY
Author:	Mr. N.M.G. KUMAR, Dr.P.SANGAMESWARA RAJU, Mr.P.VENKATESH, Ms.N.NEHA
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 252 - 262 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	This paper presents a case study of practical implementation of fixed series compensation (FSC) for reliable and effective power flow in the specified line. The method for adjusting the line reactance as parameters by TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator) in load flow studies. Proper adjustment of transmission line reactance as a parameter to regulate the required power flow in a desired line to the specified value. The ability to regulate power flow through certain paths in a power system networks is of particular importance, especially in deregulated electricity market. The proposed approach is a rigorous model without any approximations. It does not demand any extra row or column in Jacobian matrix of NR (Newton-Raphson) for accounting the adjustments of the line reactance is placed in required lines. The proposed technique has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system. The results are very accurate and method converged without any numerical convergence problems. The proposed method can be used to estimate the required level of compensation in a single line, multiple numbers of lines and group of line. Here power flow and optimum power flow is per formed for reduced fuel cost and total losses in the system
Keywords	Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator ,Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter, Newton - Raphson, Optimal Power Flow
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Paper ID:	14864 -JATIT
Title:	ANALYSIS OF INTERNET METAPHORS: CASE FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS
Author:	MEHMET FIRAT, Işil KABAKÇI YURDAKUL
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 263 - 273 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	The purpose of this study is to determine the Internet-related metaphors used by Information Technology students and examine these metaphors in terms of their class, gender, daily internet use, internet use experiences and internet use proficiencies. This exploratory research seeks to answer four specific questions in line with determining the internet metaphors of IT students. A questionnaire developed by the researchers was used for data collection. The questionnaire included a total of 13 items, 10 of which are multiple choice and three of which are open-ended. Based on the findings obtained in the study, the Information Technology students were found to use their own internet metaphors besides the widespread internet metaphors. It was concluded that the students produced metaphors emphasizing the sharing of and access to information for the internet and that among widespread internet metaphors, they used the network metaphor most and among the metaphor families, they used the “open space” metaphor family most. This finding revealed that sharing of and access to information and networks was most important factors for the students’ use and perception of the internet. In addition, it was also revealed that there was a significant difference between the frequencies of the information technology students’ use of the metaphor families with respect to the class. Based on the results of metaphor analysis, required recommendations were presented related to inform students about the scope and features of the internet in their courses.
Keywords	Internet; Metaphor; Internet Metaphors; Internet Metaphor Families; Information Technology Students
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Paper ID:	14848 -JATIT
Title:	LINK BASED CLUSTERING OF WEBPAGES IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Author:	SARASWATHY.R, SEETHALAKSHMI.R
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 274 - 278 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	Recently, web search engine plays a vital role in information retrieval. This is the most common tool used for information retrieval on web.However current status of web search engine is far from satisfaction. The results obtained does not contain needed information.To enhance the performance of web search engine, in this paper,Link based search engine for information retrieval using hierarchal clustering of web pages is introduced. In traditional search engine the results obtained is based on ranking mechanism.In link analysis, the relevance of web pages is obtained based on the occurrence of each inlink and outlink of particular web page. Then the web pages are grouped by filtering out irrelevant pages to increase the relevance rate and to reduce the computational time. The experiments of results show that the link analysis along with cluster of web search results is promising.
Keywords	Web Pages, Link Analysis, Hierarchal Cluster, Information Retrieval, Web Search Engine.
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Paper ID:	14861 -JATIT
Title:	OPTIMUM MEDIUM ACCESS TECHNIQUE FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEMS
Author:	N.AMUTHA PRABHA, V.MANIKANDAN
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 279 - 283 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	This paper proposes a Multi-Code Multi-Carrier CDMA, best suited for multi-rate services using multi-code schemes and multi-carrier services used for high rate transmission as required for the Universal Telecommunication Mobile Systems (UMTS) Long Term Evolution (LTE). The system performance has been analyzed and evaluated by means of signal-to-noise plus interference ratio and bit error rate under a selective fading channel. The throughput of the system signifies more superior than the conventional CDMA, Multi-Code CDMA and Multi-Carrier CDMA systems. It has been widely adopted due to its high performance rate and low sensitive to impulse noise and multipath channels
Keywords	Multi-Code Multi-Carrier CDMA, Universal Telecommunication Mobile Systems, Long Term Evolution, Multiple Access Interference
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Paper ID:	14764 -JATIT
Title:	A NEW APPROACH TO INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM
Author:	A. KARTIT, A. SAIDI, F. BEZZAZI, M. EL MARRAKI, A. RADI
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology pp 284 - 290 Vol 36. No. 2 -- 2012
Abstract	The design and implementation of intrusion detection systems (IDS) remain an important area of research in the field of security of information systems. Despite the undeniable progress, much remains to be done to improve the security of computer networks today. For this, many mechanisms have been developed {[1], [2]}. In general, these systems are vulnerable to attack from unauthorized users (external attacks) as well as attacks by authorized users (internal attacks) who abuse the privileges granted to them. In this paper, our contribution consists of the design of an intrusion detection system based on security policy at three levels. This approach, very interesting even for complex information systems, allows administrators of information systems and responsibles of network security, the protection from external attacks and internal attacks.
Keywords	Security Policy (SP), Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Alerts Correlation (AC), Data Fusion (DF), Network Security (NS)
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