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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
January 2016 | Vol. 83 No.1

Title:	GRAPH PATTERN MATCHING IN YEAST DATASET
Author:	DION TANJUNG, KEMAS RAHMAT SALEH W, ST., M.ENG., SHINTA YULIA P, ST
Abstract:	Graph representation has been widely used in scientific study to analyze a pattern. Geographic maps, computer networks, chemical structures, and databases are examples of information that can be applied to graph representation. This is related to graph representation method that makes manipulation data easier.The needs and growth of information make graph representation larger. Pattern analysis need more time while searching in larger graph. Therefore we need new method to searching graph pattern in a large graph. In thisresearch , graph query language(GraphQL) algorithm is used for searching graph pattern in graph database using yeast dataset. This algorithm is used because it can search graph pattern in graph databases by reducing search space. The result obtain combination of local pruning and global pruning can reduce search space with the result of reduction ratio and running time being lower. Smaller search space make process of searching graph pattern in graph faster.
Keywords:	GraphQLAlgorithm, Reduction Ratio, Running Time, Graph, Graph Pattern
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT CLUSTERING APPROACHES FOR VISUAL CODEBOOK GENERATION
Author:	JURAJ RABCAN, GABRIELA GRMANOVA
Abstract:	Bag of Visual Words is a common representation of images in computer vision. The important task for this representation is a creation of visual codebook, where the set of all considerable visual words is stored. Visual words are represented by descriptors of local features and to reduce their amount and to choose only significant ones, the visual codebook is generated by clustering of these descriptors. State of the art for clustering descriptors of local features is k-menas algorithm. The drawback of codebook generation by k-means algorithm is that cluster centers are located in high density areas. In this paper, we investigate several other algorithms and we compare them with k-menas algorithm. Tested algorithms are similar to k-means in their goals, but have algorithmically different approaches. Comparison is done by evaluating of image retrieval task on UK-bench dataset and classification on Caltech 101.
Keywords:	Bag of Visual Words, Clustering, Local features, Image retrieval
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	CROSS-LANGUAGE PLAGIARISM OF ARABIC-ENGLISH DOCUMENTS USING LINEAR LOGISTIC REGRESSION
Author:	ZAID ALAA, SABRINA TIUN, MOHAMMEDHASAN ABDULAMEER
Abstract:	Cross-Language Plagiarism Detection (CLPD)is used to automatically identify and extract plagiarism among documents in different languages.The main challenge of cross-languageplagiarism detection is the difference of text languages, where the original source can be analysed and translated, and plagiarism can be detected automatically by comparing suspected text with the original text. This paper proposes an Arabic-English cross-language plagiarism detection method,to automatically detect the semantic relatedness between the words of two suspect targeted files.The proposed method consists of four phases. The first phase is a pre-processing phase,the second involves key phrase extraction and translation, the third phase used plagiarism detection techniques and the fourth phase is the classification process, which using Linear Logistic Regression (LLR). The evaluation process is created using precision and recall measurements of a dataset consisting of Wikipedia articles. The experimental resultsachieved96% precision, 85% recall and 90.16% F-measure. The results show that the LLRalgorithm can be used effectively to detect Arabic-English cross-language plagiarism.
Keywords:	Cross-Language Plagiarism Detection, Linear Logistic Regression,Arabic-English Cross- Language Plagiarism, Plagiarism Detection, And Wikipedia Articles.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	SENSORLESS CONTROL OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR WITH FUZZY-PI CONTROLLER
Author:	KHALID GRARI, JAMAL BOUCHNAIF, MOHMMED AZIZI, HICHAM FADIL, ANAS BENSLIMANE
Abstract:	Currently, the switched reluctance motor is recognized as a performing engine, due to its high reliability, robustness and low cost In this paper, a PI controller applied for SRM speed control is improved using a Fuzzy logic algorithm, which made the PI controller gains self-adapting. Simulation with MATLAB/SIMULINK software are carried out to show the improvement performance under many constraints. Difficulties encountered to impose a standard mechanical sensor to the SRM and the disadvantages of this sensor in terms of cost and reliability have motivated us to use current gradient slope method to estimate the SRM position, this method uses the current profile.
Keywords:	Switched Reluctance Motor, Sensorless, PI Controller, Fuzzy-PI controller, speed control
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	DOMAIN-SPECIFIC ONTOLOGY-BASED APPROACH FOR ARABIC QUESTION ANSWERING
Author:	MUSTEFA SHEKER, SAIDAH SAAD, REHAB ABOOD, MOHANAAD SHAKIR
Abstract:	Automatic Question Answering (QA) is the process of identifying exact answer in response of question asked by the user. Several QA approaches have been proposed for many languages. One of such languages is Arabic which spoken by nearly 200 million people. Approximately 90% of Arab people are Muslims. Many Muslims need religious consultations toward specific issues. Such consultations have to be acquired from a legitimate source such as Islamic scholars. The response toward these consolations is called a Fatwa, which is considered as an Islamic point of view toward such issues. Therefore, there is a vital demand to present a QA system that has the ability to answer Muslims questions based on a collection of Fatwas. Several research efforts have been implemented to provide QA for Islamic domain. However, such efforts have used simple lists of lexicons as a source of knowledge, which leads to several limitations in terms of the correctness of the answers. This is due to the process of analyzing question would not be guided with a rich source of knowledge. Hence, this study aims to propose an ontology-based question answering approach for the domain of Islamic Fatwa. The ontology has been constructed using a collection of Fatwas, which has been collected from Ibn Uthaymeen-Prayer Fatwas. Several pre-processing tasks have been applied in order to eliminate the irrelevant data (e.g. numbers, non-Arabic letters and punctuation). Furthermore, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) has been used in order to provide the main concepts of the domain for ontology construction. The proposed ontology-based QA has been evaluated by comparing it with QA approach that uses simple semantic lexicon as a source of knowledge. The proposed method has outperformed the other approach by obtaining an approximately 90% of F-measure. This demonstrates that the use of ontology as a source of knowledge for QA would enrich the process of extracting the answers.
Keywords:	Question Answering, Query Expansion, Ontology, Similarity Measures, Arabic
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	ON-LINE CLUSTERING OF LECTURERS PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY USING K-MEANSALGORITHM
Author:	ENDANG SUGIHARTI, MUCH. AZIZ MUSLIM
Abstract:	Lecturer is one of the essential components of an educational system in universities. Quality of lecturer performance can be reflected in the productivity and quality of the implementation of the Three Responsibilities that include activities in education, research, community services, and other supporting activities. Clustering of lecturer performance is required in order to gain a knowledge (knowledge discovery) of the pattern of the Three Responsibilities implementation, in this case in the Department of Computer Science Unnes. Clustering is also necessary to control the balance of lecturer performance in implementing the Three Responsibilities. This is why the research was conducted.The problem is how to create an inovative program in the form of Clustering On-line of Computer Science Department for lecturer performance based on the implementation of the Three Responsibilities using of K-Means Algorithm? The objective of this institution research in order to obtain on-line information system for clustering of Computer Science Department for lecturer performance using the K-Means Algorithm. To resolve this problem, researchers divided into two stages of completion. The first stage was literature review. The second stage was making a clustering program for Lecturer performance of Department of Computer Science, based-on the implementation of College three responsibilities. The works sequence were: (1) Data Collection, (2) Building a data mining system, (3) Data Processing, (4) Conducting the clustering process with K-Means algorithm. Analysis of data/results included: (1) data reduction; (2) data display; and (3) conclusion (verification). As the results of this research, now the Department of Computer Science Unnes already has a clustering program that is capable of classifying and monitors all activities of lecturers performance in accordance with the implementation of College three responsibilities.
Keywords:	Clustering,K-MeansAlgorithm, Lecturer performance, College three responsibilities
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	GENETIC - ZHLS ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR FAULT TOLERANCE AND LOAD BALANCING
Author:	M V NARAYANA, G NARSIMHA, SSVN SARMA
Abstract:	Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-initiated and self-structured network of wireless mobile nodes.ZHLS is a peer-to-peer hierarchical mobile routing approaches that generates two routing tables i.e. an intra-zone routing table and an inter-zone routing table. Genetic algorithm is an evolutionary optimization approach, applicable to the issues which are large, non-deterministic, nonlinear and discrete in nature. As an extension to the existing ZHLS, this paper is proposed based on Genetic Algorithm known as Genetic ZHLS so as to have a restricted group of alternative pathsto load balance the topology and have robustness in the course of node/linkagefailure in the Inter Zone clustering and at the time of Route Discovery on Gateway Nodes. This paper presented the outcomes of the effects of load balancing and robustness depending on Packet Delivery Ratio, Control Overhead and End to End Delay by fluctuating the movement of the nodes on Genetic Zone based Hierarchal Link State Routing Protocol.
Keywords:	Mobile Adhoc Networks, Routing protocol, Genetic Algorithm, Fault Tolerance, Load Balancing
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	PROPOSED IF_THEN GRAMMAR TO TRANSLATE ENGLISH LANGUAGE SENTENCE TO AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE SENTENCE
Author:	ASMAA M. HAMANDI, ALIAA K. ABDULHASSAN, HALA BAHJAT
Abstract:	Sign Language is a language that used by Deaf community. One of the most widely used SL is the American Sign Language. In order to investigate the communication between Deaf people and others among them in the community, a machine translation system should be available for them in free use. The development of machine translation system that translate an English text into Sign language needs a grammar that producing Sign language from an input English text. In this paper a proposed ASL grammar rules that used to covert English sentence into ASL sentence will be produced. The grammar rules have been introduced as an If-Then- Grammar.
Keywords:	Sign Language, NLTK, American Sign Language, Grammar Rules, Machine Translation
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	DEVELOPMENT OF THE REAL TIME TELEMONITORING SYSTEM FOR EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION DEDUCED FROM FLUCTUATIONS IN GROUNDWATER LEVELS AT YOGYAKARTA REGION-INDONESIA
Author:	SUNARNO, M. M. WARUWU, R. WIJAYA
Abstract:	The real time telemonitoring system for earthquake prediction deduced from fluctuations in groundwater levels at Yogyakarta region-Indonesia contains the remote stations (the groundwater level transducers, signal conditioning, controller, frequency shift keying (FSK)modem, and Tx/Rx) and a base station (Tx/Rx, FSK modem, and personal computer with software). Data managements which are developed in this report are expected to be used in telemonitoring system for earthquake prediction deduced from fluctuations at Java island - Indonesia. The characteristics of data communication in this system are unguided type with air as the media, asynchronous serial mode, simplex mode transmission, with FSK modulation. The results of the communication system test at Yogyakarta region indicate that the accuracy level of the real time data measurement transmission has an average of 95 % at a distance of 0-40 km. When many fluctuations in groundwater levels occurred over specific time periods, it is possible the earthquake will be occurring in the next 4 until 50 days. It shows that the system can be used as a earthquake monitoring system based on fluctuations in groundwater levels. It can be used for earthquake prediction needs further study and development of database system.This report is expected to give valuable information for the telemonitoring system engineering development, especially for engineers who work in the field of telemonitoring system.
Keywords:	Earthquake, Prediction, Groundwater Level, Telemonitoring System
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	ICTAL EPILEPSY AND NORMAL EEG FEATURE EXTRACTION BASED ON PCA, KNN AND SVM CLASSIFICATION
Author:	SISWANDARI NOERTJAHJANI, ADHI SUSANTO, RISANURI HIDAYAT, SAMEKTO WIBOWO
Abstract:	Driven by a deep interest to find some spesific epilepsy EEG signal features as compared with normal ones. An array of electrodes, normaly the FP1, FP2, F7, F3, F2, F4, F8, C3, CZ, C4, T3, T4, T5, T6, P3, P4, PZ, O1, and OZ. The recorder signals were than processed and the standard sets of statistical quantities of means, variances, skewnesses, kurtosises, entropies, minima and maxima. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to these quantities to acquire two major one representing each quantity which separate best between epilepsy ictal and normal persons resorting to the SVM and KNN classification algorithms. The results show that the PCA elevates accuracy significantly and KNN achieves the mission better than SVM.
Keywords:	Ictal, Normal, PCA, KNN, SVM
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	A MECHANISM TO ENSURE FAIRNESS IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORK
Author:	S.JOUNAIDI, B.NASSEREDDINE, Y.SAADI, A.HAQIQ
Abstract:	The actual tendency of the computing networks requires supplying to the clients a permanent connection to the internet in a wireless manner. The wireless mesh network technology WMN came up to answer these priority needs, it also allows extending the network coverage with a less expensive infrastructure. The performance of all the network technologies are not perfect, it�s the same case for the WMN. This network based on the IEEE 802.11s standard still in development to resolve problematics on several levels. Among these problems, we situate the unfairness problem concerning the bandwidth sharing between the flows flowing in the network. In this article, we will propose a protocol capable of guaranteeing a fair sharing of the bandwidth. This protocol, in a first place, is based on an exchange of information between the nodes, in order that these nodes agree to the benefit rate of each one of them, and in a second place, it works in collaboration with the �token bucket� mechanism.
Keywords:	WMN, Bandwidth, Fairness, Token-Bucket.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	INTERVENTIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING INSTRUCTORS ADOPTION OF E-LEARNING SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY OF PALESTINE
Author:	Fareed Al-Sayyed, Baker Abdalhaq
Abstract:	The main questions addressed in this paper are the following: what are the interventional factors that affect instructors' adoption of an e-Learning system and what are the relationships among these factors?. For this purpose a number of hypotheses were formulated. In this study, a framework was conceptualized based on an extended version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) integrated with intervention factors. The findings of the study show that there is a significant positive relationship between management support, design characteristics, organizational support, training, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention to adopt e-Learning. Based on the study results, it was recommended that the Palestinian universities should intervene to promote the adoption of e-Learning system.
Keywords:	e-Learning, e-Learning adoption; Interventions; Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	COMPARING THE APPROACHES OF GRAPH-REDUCTION AND LANDMARK SHORTEST PATHS
Author:	FAISAL KHAMAYSEH, NABIL ARMAN
Abstract:	We study the different recent improvements on shortest path algorithms. We suggest improvements to the classical path computing algorithms and we implement them using random generated graphs with various sizes. Many attempts exist for improving shortest path techniques. Computing shortest path is one of the most important and recent issues in combinatorial optimization, emergency routs, NoSQL data graph representation, road and public transportation networks, and other applications. One of the big obstacles in such real-word applications is the size of the graphs that motivates the attempts of enhancing the path-finding procedures. Given a weighted graph G={V,E,w}, a heuristic method to improve conventional shortest-path for a given source node <s> is provided. In this paper, we address the complexity of shortest paths in large graphs and we present a graph structure and enhancement process of finding the shortest path in the given graph. We study the current improving algorithms and highlights the improvements over the classical ones. We evaluate our implemented techniques using randomly generated weighted graphs. The main procedure is compressing the graph without losing the graph properties. We then, compare our technique with the approach of using landmark optimization. We discuss the performance, storage, error rate in our approach compared to landmark. Our experiments show that the new technique of graph compression performs with better speedup and no path mistakes compared to fast landmark approach which leads to high overhead in most situations.
Keywords:	Candidate Subgraphs, Graph Compression, Shortest-path, landmarks, Reverse Representation
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	ARABIC TEXT TO SPEECH SYNTHESIS USING QURAN-BASED NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING MODULE
Author:	BANA ALSHARIF, RADWAN TAHBOUB, LABIB ARAFEH
Abstract:	Natural Language Processing (NLP) Module for Arabic Text to Speech is introduced in this paper. It�s a module from our integrated design for Arabic named as Holy Quran Based- Arabic Text to Speech (HQB-ATTS). HQB-ATTS system is implemented using some Tajweed rules that are used in Standard Arabic. Through this paper, new ideas are adopted and discussed in order to increase the quality of Arabic Text-to-Speech (ATTS). The innovations that have been applied in NLP module are: the use of some of Tajweed rules to build better letter to sound module, the combination of Arabic Prosody with allophone /syllables slots is a new use for a technique supported the linguistic property for Arabic, and the quality evaluation for the NLP module is performed in new method to proof the success for our hypothesis in comparison with other up-to-date approaches. The results show that this HQB-ATTS approach can significantly enhance the quality of the synthesized speech. The evaluation showed that this approach could produce a better synthesized speeches� quality than comparative ATTS synthesizers.
Keywords:	Text to Speech (TTS), Natural Language Processing Module (NLP), Tajweed Rules, Prosody Syllabification, Evaluation.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	EFFICIENT MECHANISM FOR MITIGATING MULTIPLE BLACK HOLE ATTACKS IN MANETS
Author:	ABDUL-RAHMAN SALEM, DR. RUSHDI HAMAMREH
Abstract:	Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have emerged as a major next generation wireless networking technology. Due to their inherent capabilities of instant communication, they are used for wide range of applications such as emergency operations and disaster recovery. On the other hand, many challenges are facing MANETs including security, routing, transmission range and dynamically changing topology with high nodes mobility. Security is considered as the main obstacle for the widespread adoption of MANET applications. Black hole attack is a type of DoS attack that can disrupt the services of the network layer. It has the worst malicious impact on network performance as the number of malicious nodes increases. Several mechanisms and protocols have been proposed to detect and mitigate its effects using different strategies. However, many of these solutions impose more overhead and increase the average end-to-end delay. This paper proposes an enhanced and modified mechanism called "Enhanced RID-AODV", based on a preceding mechanism: RID-AODV. The proposed enhancement is based on creating dynamic blacklists for each node in the network. Each node, according to criteria depends on the number of mismatches of hash values of received packets as compared with some threshold values, can decide to add or remove other nodes to or from its blacklist. Enhanced RID-AODV was implemented in ns-2 simulator and compared with three previous solutions for mitigating multiple black hole attacks in terms of performance metrics. The results show an increase in throughput and packet delivery ratio and a decrease in end-to-end delay.
Keywords:	Enhanced RID-AODV, MANET Security, Network Layer Attack, Multiple Black Hole Attacks.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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Title:	PROTECTING WIRELESS DATA TRANSMISSION IN MOBILE APPLICATION SYSTEMS USING DIGITAL WATERMARKING TECHNIQUE
Author:	KARTINI MOHAMED, FATIMAH SIDI, MARZANAH A JABAR, ISKANDAR ISHAK
Abstract:	There have been many cases of fake documents be used for important legal transactions. This includes the use of fake degrees or certificates during professional job applications either in private sectors or government related firms. Since many people are using smart phones currently, it is possible to have a mobile application system apps that can validate the correctness of legal documents or certificates in real time basis. The apps must be able to validate the certificate by confirming it with the data obtained from a registered database owned by relevant academic institutions. However, since these data require wireless transmissions which are vulnerable to data manipulations by hackers, this paper introduces a protection measure using encrypted elements of user authentication to watermark the transmitting data.
Keywords:	QR Code, Digital Watermark, Data Transmission, Wireless Communication, Mobile Application Systems
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 10^th January 2016 -- Vol. 83. No. 1 -- 2016
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