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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
June 2013 | Vol. 52 No.2

Title:	THE EFFECTS OF QUALITY FACTORS OF WEB-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM ON THE EMPLOYEE CONTEXTUAL PERFORMANCE
Author:	KAMAL M. H. ALHENDAWI, AHMAD SUHAIMI BAHARUDIN
Abstract:	Assessing the effectiveness of Web-based Information System (WBIS) is increasingly needed as it has a significant contribution to organizations, particularly on the employee performance. This study is one of the fewest in the field of WBIS assessment in which the effectiveness of WBIS is assessed in terms of contextual performance. It aims at evaluating the impact of quality factors of WBIS: system quality, information quality and service quality on the employee’s contextual performance. The study is conducted in Palestine, Gaza. The data of the pilot study is collected from 51 of WBIS users. Concerning the statistical inferential and analytical tests, correlation and regression analysis are used to analyze the data and obtain the results. The findings indicate that there are strong correlations between study factors. However, it is found that system quality is not significantly related to contextual performance. Also, the findings indicate there are significant relationships between information quality, service quality and contextual performance at significance level less than 0.05. Consequently, the proposed model would contribute to literature gap and empirical studies in the field of IS effectiveness assessment.
Keywords:	Web-based Information System (WBIS), IS Effectiveness, Information quality, Service quality, System quality.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	IMPROVING WEB SERVER PERFORMANCE USING TWO-TIERED WEB CACHING
Author:	FAIRUZ S. MAHAD, WAN M.N. WAN-KADIR
Abstract:	The purpose of this study is to improve the web server performance. Bottlenecks such as network traffic overload and congested web server has still yet to be solved due to the increasing of internet usage. Caching is one of the popular and efficient solutions to reduce network latency. However, there is a need to study the current caching technique and further optimize the result. Therefore, this study proposed a Two-Tiered Caching System (2TCS). The 2TCS adapts a selective caching system concept which contains two tiers in its caching architecture. The 2TCS is used to further increase the probability of achieving a cache hit on top of utilizing the normal caching system. The proposed technique utilizes SQUID as its web cache server and also Mozilla Firefox’s default caching system at the client side. A performance comparison of a normal caching system against the implementation of the 2TCS is made using the IBM Rational Performance Tester to prove the result.
Keywords:	Web cache, Two-tiered caching, Web Server Performance, Software Engineering
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	KM SYSTEM IN THE CONSTRUCTION FIELD: INVESTIGATING NEW KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES
Author:	ZAYED KHALIFAAUTHOR, MOD.YUSOFF JAMALIDDIN, HAFIZAH HUSAIN
Abstract:	Managing knowledge in the construction field is an ongoing research topic. Although many methods have been proposed for managing knowledge in the construction field, the following issues remain unclear: what knowledge resources are, what the optimal knowledge representation is, and what knowledge sharing means. In this paper, a novel approach for managing knowledge in the construction field is proposed. Our contributions in this paper include the definition of new knowledge resources by acquiring and representing immature knowledge, and acquiring and representing external knowledge (i.e., knowledge not related to the company or the engineer himself). Our proposed approach has been validated through an online system, which is currently used by one of the largest construction companies in Libya.
Keywords:	KM System, Knowledge Objects, Construction Industries, Knowledge Resources
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	LP-NORM SVM BASED ON REWEIGHED MINIMIZATION WITH POSITIVE DAMPED ITEM
Author:	HUANG HAILONG, LIU JIANWEI, LIU ZEYU , ZUO XIN
Abstract:	A new kind of reweighed Lp-norm SVM, which solves simultaneously two major problems pattern classification and feature selection, based on positive damped item is proposed. The proposed algorithms attempts to select important features among the originally given plausible features, while maintaining the minimum error rate. The resulting value of variable p is not only related to the classification error rate but also connected to the degree of importance of feature. A convergence proof of this reweighed procedure is included and an efficient stopping criterion is employed. Different sets of experiments are conducted on the classification and feature selection tasks, and results compared with L2-norm SVM, and L1-norm SVM show that, our Lp-norm SVM algorithm is superior to these algorithm on both artificial datasets and real-world problems of analyzing DNA microarray data.
Keywords:	Reweighed Minimization, P Norm, Feature Selection, Prediction Error Rate
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	PNN BASED DRIVER DROWSINESS LEVEL CLASSIFICATION USING EEG
Author:	MOUSA K. WALI, M.MURUGAPPAN, R. BADLISHAH AHMMAD
Abstract:	In this work, we classify the driver drowsiness level (awake, drowsy, high drowsy and sleep stage1) based on different wavelets and probabilistic neural network classifier using wireless EEG signals. Deriving the amplitude spectrum of four different frequency bands delta, theta, alpha, and beta of EEG signals. Comparing the results of PNN based on spectral centroid, and power spectral density features extracted by different wavelets (db4, db8, sym8, and coif5) from the amplitude spectrum of the said bands. As results of this study indicates that the best average accuracy achieved of 61.16% based on power spectral density feature extracted by db4 wavelet.
Keywords:	Discrete Wavelet Transform, EEG, Fast Fourier Transform, probabilistic neural network
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	UNDERWATER IMAGE ENHANCEMENT USING ADAPTIVE FILTERING FOR ENHANCED SIFT-BASED IMAGE MATCHING
Author:	PULUNG NURTANTIO ANDONO, I KETUT EDDY PURNAMA, MOCHAMAD HARIADI
Abstract:	Success of scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) image registration is limited when attempted on camera footage taken under water. This is, largely due to the poor image quality inherent to imaging in aquatic environments. In this research we aim to overcome this shortcoming using a new method of pre-processing of true-color imagery taken under water based on the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram image Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm. CLAHE assumes that the distribution function of the pixel intensity values of an underwater-recorded image is dominated by Rayleigh scattering, and that the noise can be removed as a function hereof. Results showed that after applying the CLAHE image enhancement method registration success of SIFT increased by 41% compared to reference method (a straightforward contrast stretching enhancement). From the ANOVA results follows that the null hypothesis can be rejected and concluded that there is a significant difference among SIFT without enhancement, SIFT with contrast stretching and SIFT with CLAHE-Rayleigh at 5% level of significance (ANOVA, F=23.41, df=2, p-value=7.34e-09). The finding concludes that CLAHE-Rayleigh is better compared to contrast stretching. As a follow-up study, CLAHE-Rayleigh should be compared with other image enhancement techniques (or a combination of techniques ‘hybrids’) to assess their relative impact on the success of SIFT-based image matching of underwater photography.
Keywords:	CLAHE, Image Enhancement, Image Registration, Underwater Image Processing, SIFT.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND VIDEO CONFERENCING USE: THE MODERATING AND DIRECT EFFECT OF CULTURAL FACTORS IN JORDAN
Author:	AYMAN N. ALKHALDI, ZAWIYAH M. YUSOF
Abstract:	User’s perceptions and beliefs are known for their role in technology acceptance. Studies examining the effect of cultural values along with social influence in technology acceptance are rare. They focus on various types of technologies, contexts, and types of users yielding inconsistent and contradictory findings. No studies have been undertaken to research video-conferencing usage, particularly in Jordan. This study seeks to develop a conceptual model for examining the moderating and direct effect of both individualisms versus collectivisms and power distance cultural dimensions on the relationship between social influence and video conferencing usage in Jordan. The survey method adopts questionnaires as a technique to collect quantitative data. The collected data was analysed using SPSS. The findings show that social influence has a significant direct role on increasing video-conferencing usage. Furthermore, individualisms versus collectivisms were found to increase the video-conferencing use, whilst power distance was found to decrease it. However, they do not moderate the effect of social influence on video-conferencing use. This paper has important implications on both theoretical and practical portions of video-conferencing usage in manufacturing firms in Jordan.
Keywords:	Social Influence, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, Video-conferencing, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Jordan
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	AN OVERVIEW ON WORMHOLE ATTACK DETECTION IN AD-HOC NETWORKS
Author:	MOJTABA GHANAATPISHEH SANAEI, BABAK EMAMI ABARGHOUEI, HADI ZAMANI, MIRANDA DABIRANZOHOURI
Abstract:	An ad-hoc network is a group of wireless mobile nodes that shapes a temporary network without any infrastructure and centralized management. Each mobile node functions not only as base station but also as router forwarding packets for other mobile nodes in the network. One of the dangerous attacks in an Ad-hoc network is named wormhole attack which two or more destructive nodes record the packets at one point, and transmits them by a wired or wireless to another point in the network. Wormhole attack is so strong and detection of this attack is hard. Also, the wormhole attack may cause another type of attacks like Sinkhole or Select forwarding. Using a cryptographic technique is not enough to prevent wormhole attack. In this paper we are going to review some methods in wormhole detection and investigate the weaknesses and strengths of the methods.
Keywords:	Wormhole Attack detection, Wireless Ad-hoc Networks, prevention of wormhole attack, Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	A CLOUD COMPUTING METHODOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND MANUFACTURING EXECUTION SYSTEM
Author:	M.GIRIRAJ, S.MUTHU
Abstract:	In this paper we investigated guaranteeing the assembly process information flow in real time, enterprise wide, from assembly station sensors directly to the company policy maker’s offices, is the true solution for improving productivity competence, reducing bottlenecks movements, optimization of supply chain network, identify missing operations in the floor process and more over reducing losses and greater profits than ever. In fact, the ideal production lies in the real machine or assembly capabilities of working non-stop at maximum speed, lacking downtimes or inactivity and assembled goods reject threats. Assembly lines will be prone to stand-still and will produce defective pieces if the machines are unable to working to their full capability or demands made of them. This is often the case of misinformed factory management on real time factory floor performances. Even though equipped with original equipment manufacturer indicator knowledge about their systems, they still can’t get that efficiency so needed to improve yield. Transformation is necessary to ride the expected tide of change in the current manufacturing environment, particularly in the information technology and automation landscape. Multinational company’s strives to reduce computing costs, to improve plant floor visibility and to achieve more efficient energy and surroundings use of their IT hardware and software investments. Cloud computing infrastructure accelerates and promotes these objectives by providing unparalleled flexible and dynamic IT resource collection, Virtualization, floor visibility and high accessibility. This paper establishes the value of realizing cloud connect and usage state of affairs in the cloud manufacturing environment, especially in automotive assembly stations which typically have large numbers of mixed applications, various hardware and huge data amount generated from sensors and devices in real-time and event-based exploration and assembly operations. The purpose of this paper is to behavior an Information Technology automotive assembly environment Systems analysis in the case of MNC’s. To validate this objective, the article has been divided into two parts: monitoring vision and control and case study with the help of the manufacturing execution assembly system. The purpose of the theory part of the study is to first introduce the concept of Cloud connect in the respective field of manufacturing execution assembly system, and then chat about the substance of Service management in information technology.
Keywords:	Cloud computing, Cloud manufacturing execution system, monitoring vision and control, Shop floor data collection, Programmable logic controller.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	TOPOLOGY CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR BETTER SENSING COVERAGE WITH CONNECTIVITY IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Author:	A.KARTHIKEYAN, T.SHANKAR, V.SRIVIDHYA, SIVA CHARAN REDDY.V, SANDEEP KOMMINENI
Abstract:	The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consisting of a large number of sensors are effective for gathering data in a variety of environments. Since the sensors operate on battery of limited power, it is a challenging aim to design an energy efficient routing protocol, which can minimize the energy and thereby extend the lifetime of the network. However, in the context of Wireless Sensor Networks routing, Connected Dominating Set (CDS) principle has emerged as the most popular method for energy efficient topology control (TC) in WSNs. A virtual backbone is formed in a CDS-based topology control technique, which allows communication between any arbitrary pair of nodes in the network. In this paper, we present a CDS based topology control algorithm, TC1, which forms an energy efficient virtual backbone. In our simulations, we compare the performance of TC1 with three prominent CDS-based algorithms namely energy-efficient CDS (EECDS), CDS Rule K, A3 and A3 Lite algorithms. The results demonstrate that TC1 performs better in terms of Residual Energy and other selected metrics. Moreover, the TC1 not only achieves better connectivity under topology maintenance but also provides better sensing coverage when compared with other algorithms.
Keywords:	Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Connected Dominating Set (CDS), Topology Control (TC).
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	KERNEL LEVEL HARDWARE BASED SINGLE CHIP COMPUTER AND DEVICE CONTROL
Author:	DR.M.P.CHITRA, DR.N.R.SHANKER, B.PREETHI, M.SANU MURUGAN, M.SOUNDARYA
Abstract:	In this paper the implementation of a kernel level hardware based single chip computer and device control has been proposed. The dc motor control based on the concept of PWM using the 8bit microcontrollers-Arduino has been analysed. The Arduino have no operating system and the toolkits such as Arduino IDE, Eclipse is used. The programming language that the Arduino supports is C++. The speed of Arduino is low about 16MHz and the RAM space is only 2 Kbytes. The Arduino have no USB ports. The drawbacks of the 8bit microcontroller are overcome by using the 32bit microcontroller, Raspberry Pi which uses the Linux kernel-based operating systems. In the Raspberry Pi the toolkits such as Scratch box, QEMU, Open Embedded is used. The programming language used in Raspberry Pi is Python language. Unlike Arduino the programming language in Raspberry Pi is not restricted only to C or C++, any language which can be compiled by ARMv6 can be used. The AM space is about 256 MB and it has two USB ports. The Raspberry Pi has audio input via USB.The speed of Raspberry Pi is increased to about 700 MHz
Keywords:	Arduino, Broadcom BCM2835, Debian, Linux, Raspbian Distro, RTAI, RTLinux-THIN
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	THE IMPACT OF ERP SYSTEM ON USER PERFORMANCE
Author:	BEJJAR MOHAMED ALI, BOUJELBENE YOUNES
Abstract:	ERP systems play an important supportive role in most sectors of the economy. This study was developed to answer the question related to the impact of ERP systems on user performance in Tunisian companies. This article proposes a model combining the Task Technology Fit (TTF), the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Delone & McLean model to evaluate the user performance of ERP system. The model was tested using survey data collected from 269 users of the ERP system. The results of structural equation analyzes supported the proposed model and highlighted the important role of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness in mediating effects between TTF, system quality and information quality and performance users. The results show that TTF, system quality and information quality directly influences the user performance of ERP and indirectly through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of ERP.
Keywords:	ERP, System quality, Information quality, User performance
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	THE APPLICATION OF ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM IN TOUR ROUTE PLANNING
Author:	HAN-CHEN HUANG
Abstract:	Traditional tour route planning mostly depends on the planner’s experience. However, whether tour route planning is appropriate or not has a considerable impact on the time and cost of the tour. Good planning can save unnecessary waiting time, avoid wasted operating costs, and contribute to the enhancement of the quality of tourism. Therefore, this study applied the ant colony optimization algorithm to build a tour route planning model. As the empirical results have shown, the proposed tour route planning model can effectively and rapidly complete route planning and achieve the objectives of optimum route and minimum cost.
Keywords:	Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, Tour Route, Planning
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF INTEROPERABILITY PLANNING
Author:	NORELISLAM EL HAMI, ABIR ELMIR, BADR ELMIR, RACHID ELLAIA, MHAMED ITMI, BOUCHAIB BOUNABAT
Abstract:	Optimizing Resource allocation and effort dispatching of interoperability enhancement is a key requirement to effectively setup, develop and evolve intra and inter organizational collaboration. To ensure this objective of effectiveness, this paper proposes initially an approach for representation of interoperability evolution and planning. Interoperability degree is assessed using a ratio metric taking into account all the significant aspects such as potentiality, compatibility and operational performance. In a second stage, a Modified Particle Swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is used as a heuristic optimization method to find the best distribution of effort needed in collaborative networks.
Keywords:	Interoperability planning, Effort dispatching, Simulation, Particle Swarm optimization
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	REDUCING REPLICA OF USER QUERY CLUSTER- CONTENT AND SUB-HYPERLINKS IN THE SEARCH ENGINE LOG BASED USER PROFILE
Author:	P.SRINIVASAN, K.BATRI
Abstract:	Most important visible component of the internet contains millions of web pages waiting to present information on an amazing collection of topics. The search engine has played an increasingly important role. Nowadays, the search engine based string matching has inbuilt troubles like a low accuracy, inadequate individual support, duplicates document and replica of hyperlinks in the user profile and so on. This work introduced a method against previously proposed personalized query clustering method by other authors. Experimental results show that a profile captures and utilizes both user’s replica and non- replicated cluster-content and links. The non replica of hyper, sub-hyperlinks and cluster-content perform the best of among results. An important result from the experiments is that profiles with replica of links can increase the separation between similar and different queries. The separation provides a clear threshold value for a LINGO clustering algorithm to terminate and improve the overall quality of the resulting query clusters and hyper, sub-hyper links to improve search engine performance through user profile.
Keywords:	search engine, user profile, replica, hyperlinks, sub-hyperlinks
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	ACCELERATING SIGNATURE-BASED BROADCAST AUTHENTICATION IN DECENTRALIZED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Author:	NOURAH AL-ANGARI, MZNAH AL-RODHAAN
Abstract:	Securing the broadcast in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is crucial due to a wide range of possible attacks in addition to the limited resources in sensor node. Many public-key based solutions have been proposed to address the authentication problem in WSN. Unfortunately the slow in signature verification process cause many weaknesses related to the delay and power consumption. Additionally, the dependency on the base station in the certifying the public keys leads to one failure point and bottle neck problem. Also, the node near the base station will take additional role to reroute the packets to the base station which consume their limited power. In this paper we present a new idea that utilizes the signature-based broadcast authentication to accelerate the signature verification and minimize the base station dependency by allowing sensors sign on other sensor public key.
Keywords:	Public key, Elliptic Curves Cryptography; wireless sensor networks; symmetric; web of trust
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	TOWARD THE MATURITY OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: UNIVERSAL, FORMAL, AND MATHEMATICAL DEFINITION FOR TYPE AND OBJECT AS TWO DISJOINT BASIC CONCEPTS
Author:	BERNARIDHO I HUTABARAT, KETUT E PURNAMA, MOCHAMAD HARIADI
Abstract:	Software engineering has not reached maturity level as classic engineering. Theoretical foundation for software engineering lacks the precision and universal agreement of terms. By contrast, classic engineering are founded on the seven base dimensions that are precise and universally agreed. This paper aims to bring software engineering into maturity, in terms of the precision of terms by establishing and mathematically defining two basic concepts: type and object. Just like the seven base dimensions in physics be part of theoretical foundation for classic engineering, the two basic concepts type and object are the theoretical foundation for software engineering. This paper lists twelve problems with current definitions of type and object. The proposed definition and concepts are linguistically tested and mathematically formulated using thirty five formulas. Each concept – type, object – is unique and has single interpretation. This paper shows that class is a derived concept – not a basic concept – and that class can be defined on the proposed disjoint basic concepts: type and object.
Keywords:	Type, Object, Conceptual Integrity, Basic Concept, Engineering
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology June 2013 -- Vol. 52. No. 2 -- 2013
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