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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
November 2013 | Vol. 57 No.1

Title:	A DOUBLE GUARD HILL CIPHER SUITABLE FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Author:	C.BENNILA THANGAMMAL , P.RANGARAJAN , J.RAJA PAUL PERINBAM
Abstract:	A Classical Hill cipher breaks the plaintext into blocks and multiplies each block to a key matrix to obtain the cipher text. But it inclines to known plaintext. To strength the Hill cipher , a novel modification is performed in this paper. A double protection has been given for the Hill cipher with a single private key matrix. First protection is given by modified key matrix Km , obtained from the private key matrix with some arithmetic operation and the second protection is given before transmitting the cipher text with respect to the ‘t’ matrix. Without the private key matrix and the modified key matrix, cipher text cannot be decrypted. The proposed Double Guard Hill cipher is suitable for Wireless Sensor Networks as it is capable of encrypting 128 ASCII values.
Keywords:	Encryption, Decryption, Modulo-128 inverse, Private Key matrix and Modified Key matrix.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	SEGMENTED FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER FOR VEHICLE FOLLOWING WITH OPTIMISED RULE BASE
Author:	S. PAUL SATHIYAN, DR. S. SURESH KUMAR, DR. A. IMMANUEL SELVAKUMAR
Abstract:	Vehicle automation for rear end collision avoidance during vehicle following is an area of research for the past few decade. For Adaptive cruising of vehicles, various controllers have been developed like PI, PID, Model predictive, Sliding mode control, which depend upon the system mathematical model. Designing such a mathematical model for nonlinear system with multiple parameters may not be easy. A controller which can emulate the behaviour of the human, and mimics their reaction which does not require the mathematical modeling of the system may be of high repute. One such controller is Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC). FLC does not need an exact mathematical representation of the system which is to be controlled. The performance of the FLC depends upon how well the fuzzy rule base is framed. The problem with FLC-based system is that, the number of rules used. The rule increases exponentially with the increase of the number of membership values that involve in the rules. This increase, leads to the rise in the computation time of the controller. However the performance of the FLC system highly relies upon the number of membership values and the rules. The crisp output of the FLC does not depend upon the best rule rather it depends upon the entire rule which gets qualified. In-order to have the best rule fired, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to optimise the rule base of FLC. Whenever Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used in real time optimisation of fuzzy rule base, the time for reaching the optimised value, depends upon the population size (number of rules in the fuzzy rule base). Hence for a time crucial application like Adaptive cruise control (ACC), offline tuning of fuzzy rule base is performed. In this paper new approach of segmented / divided fuzzy logic based controller is proposed where all the FLC used in ACC is tuned offline using GA and the performance comparison is made.
Keywords:	Adaptive Cruise Control, Fuzzy rule base optimisation, Genetic algorithm, Vehicle following
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	TESTING THE ACCURACY AND WORKING PROCEDURE OF BRAILLE HAND GLOVE USING A STATISTICAL TOOL
Author:	Dr.B.L.SHIVAKUMAR, M.RAJASENATHIPATHI
Abstract:	This paper presents a development of a system for English text to Braille code conversion in software and implemented as vibration in Braille hand glove. Also the accuracy and working procedure of Braille Hand is tested using IBM SPSS tool. This has been developed for the benefit of deaf and blind people, who prefer to work in computer environment. This invention covers all Braille symbols to equivalent vibrations and produces a new communication media between visual and blind person.
Keywords:	Braille, Vibration, Blind And Deaf, Hand Glove, Motor
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	STATE OF ART FOR NETWORK RECONFIGURATION METHODOLOGIES OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Author:	K.KIRAN KUMAR, Dr.N.VENKATA RAMANA, Dr. S. KAMAKSHAIAH, NISHANTH P M
Abstract:	Radial Distribution is the most popular and existing type of power transmission network in the distribution system. Losses minimizations, maintenance of good voltage profile and feeder current levels minimum are the three objectives for the distribution engineer. For the past two and half decades researchers proposed different methodologies that includes heuristic and intelligent methods. This paper explores existing popular methodologies to mitigate the problem. Research publications in the popular journals, conferences and symposiums are the main source for collecting data. Popular journals like IEEE transactions, Elsevier etc., are referred. More than 300 publications are studied which are short listed to around 50. Redundancy is thoroughly avoided before short listing the paper. This paper is useful for the researchers working in this area.
Keywords:	Reconfiguration, Distribution Systems, Power loss, Heuristic methods, Optimization methods
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	AUTOMATIC ISOLATED-WORD ARABIC SIGN LANGUAGE RECOGNITION SYSTEM BASED ON TIME DELAY NEURAL NETWORKS: NEW IMPROVEMENTS
Author:	FERAS FARES AL MASHAGBA, EMAN FARES AL MASHAGBA , MOHAMMAD OTHMAN NASSAR
Abstract:	This research presents an improved automatic isolated-word recognition system for the Arabic sign language (ArSL) for the Jordanian accent. Our proposed system requires that the signer wears two gloves with different colors, he also should wear another colored mark on his head, this mark should have different color than the colors used in the gloves. In this paper the video for each sign is converted to a sequence of static images; each image is segmented for three colored regions and outlier according to the mean and covariance of each color region using the multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) on the characteristics of the the Hue Saturation Lightness Model (HSL) color space. Tracking the hand motion trajectories of the right and left hand over time is conducted . Finally we identify a list of features to be used as an input to the time delay neural networks (TDNN) for the recognition step. Two different test collections were used in this research, the first data collection is used to prove that when using the head of the signer to determine the position of the centroid for the right and left hand instead of using the center of the upper area for each frame as reference can improve the recognition rate. The experimental results shows an improvement in the recognition rate from 70% to 71.66%. finally we used the second data collection to prove that our proposed categorization for the Arabic signs into four categories according to the overlap existence between head and hands can improve the recognition rate. The experimental results based on data collection number two shows an improvement in the recognition rate for the testing set, where the recognition rate increased to reach 77.43%.
Keywords:	Sign Language Recognition Systems; Isolated-Word based system; video based system; TDNN; Arabic signs; Jordan accent.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	CERVICAL CANCER DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM USING ADAPTIVE FUZZY MOVING K-MEANS ALGORITHM AND FUZZY MIN-MAX NEURAL NETWORK
Author:	ANAS QUTEISHAT, MOHAMMAD AL-BATAH, ANWAR AL-MOFLEH, SHARHABEEL H. ALNABELSI
Abstract:	Pap smear screening is the most successful attempt of medical science and practice for the early detection of cervical cancer. Manual analysis of the cervical cells is time consuming, laborious and error prone. This paper presents a Neural Network (NN) based system for classifying cervical cells as normal, low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (HSIL). The system consists of three stages. In the first stage, cervical cells are segmented using the Adaptive Fuzzy Moving K-means (AFMKM) clustering algorithm. In the second stage, the feature extraction process is performed. In the third stage, the extracted data is classified using Fuzzy Min-Max (FMM) NN. The empirical results show that the proposed method can achieve acceptable results.
Keywords:	Cervical cancer; Pap smear; Adaptive Fuzzy Moving K-means clustering algorithm; Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Network
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	WIRELESS INDOOR MIMO CHANNEL PROPAGATION PREDICTION BASED ON A 3-D RAY TRACING TECHNIQUE
Author:	MOHD NAZRUL HANIF NORDIN, ROSDIADEE NORDIN
Abstract:	This paper presents a wireless Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radio wave propagation prediction technique based on the results generated from the software package known as the Site Specific Indoor Propagation Prediction. This study is motivated by the proposed IEEE 802.11ac standard, which supports MIMO spatial streams and is expected to be introduced sometime in early 2014. The results presented here are based on 2×2 MIMO antenna configurations. The indoor MIMO channel measurement is based on the propagation environment at Level 3, the administration building of the Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment (FEBE) at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The operating frequencies considered in this study are the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, which are representative of the proposed 802.11ac standard. In addition, measurements of on-site activity levels are presented. All of the simulation and visualization results are analyzed to measure the spatial correlation among the MIMO antennas (to reduce the effect of MIMO spatial interference), power delay profile, predicted path loss, power density, and ray paths, as well as the predicted signal strength and signal coverage. Comparisons are carried out with different frequencies and locations in the building. The results indicate that the 3-D ray tracing technique is able to predict the propagation characteristics of the MIMO wireless channel in an indoor environment. It is also found that the minimum spacing between the MIMO antenna elements should be at least 0.8λ as a practical design consideration
Keywords:	Channel Model, Indoor Propagation Prediction, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), 3-D Ray Tracing, Wireless
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	HYBRID COMPOSITE EDGE DETECTION ALGORITHM FOR PET SCANNER IMAGES
Author:	SNEHA NAGABHYRU, ABHISHEK GUDIPALLI, RAMASHRI TIRUMALA,
Abstract:	Image enhancement is a core concept of Digital Image Processing that ensures that any disturbances in the original image are eliminated thereby enhancing the quality of the image. Furthermore conversion of an image from one color space to another ensures that there is minimal data loss in the processing of the image. There are many existing algorithms and several image enhancement techniques have been developed, such as histogram equalization, contrast stretching, bit plane slicing, averaging, etc. In this paper, we considered edge detection as one of the technique and the evaluation metrics such as SSIM (Structural Similarity Index) and VIF(Visual Information Fidelity) has been applied to the images to measure the image quality. In this paper are Positron Emission Tomography(PET) images, which have extensive application in biomedical field. In the present work evaluation metrics are applied to the original image and edge detected image, thus from experimental results it is observed that the proposed algorithm works well for measuring the quality of spatial resolution enhanced hyper spectral images.
Keywords:	Edge detection, PET scanner images, Color models, SSIM, VIF
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	THE RELATIONSHIP OF INFORMATION SECURITY KNOWLEDGE (ISK) AND HUMAN FACTORS: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTION
Author:	ROHANA MOHAMAD RASHID, OMAR ZAKARIA, MOHD NABIL ZULHEMAY
Abstract:	Information, knowledge, and information security are indispensable in an organisation to ensure the effectiveness of an organisation. An organisation needs people who have adequate information and knowledge to run a business. Lack of knowledge especially in information security may jeopardise the organisation such as the increase of internal security incidents. Human factors will also influence the effectiveness of an organisation. Therefore, adopting the right behaviour in daily work routines may increase the effectiveness of the organisation. There is a need to educate everybody in the organisation regarding information security and security awareness, training, and education programme in cultivating good behaviours in the organisation. The relationship between human factors, information security, knowledge, and knowledge management can be encompassed by the term ‘information security knowledge’. This paper has developed a clear definition of information security knowledge so that it can be used to guide employees in implementing information security practices within the organisation. Applying information security knowledge in the organisation may help decrease the internal security incidents that are posed by humans hence will lead to the organisational information security effectiveness.
Keywords:	Human Factor; Knowledge; Information Security; Information Security Effectiveness; Information Security Knowledge; Knowledge Management
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF CMMI BASED FRAMEWORK FOR COLLABORATIVE SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE
Author:	HANEEN AL-AHMAD, RODZIAH ATAN, ABDUL AZIM ABD GHANI, MASRAH AZMI MURAD
Abstract:	Software maintenance (SM) environment is a highly complex area, knowledge-driven and collaborative. Therefore, Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements of effective processes that ultimately improve their performance. We propose a new framework of CMMI based on Multi-Agent System (MAS) to identify the process measurement of SM. The proposed MAS architecture includes three types of agents: Personal Agent (PA), Maintenance Agent (MA) and Key Process Area Agent (KPAA). In order to verify our proposed CMMI framework based on MAS architecture, a pilot study is conducted using a questionnaire survey. Rasch Model is used to analyze the pilot data. Item reliability is found to be poor and a few respondents and items are identified as misfits with distorted measurements.
Keywords:	Capability Maturity Model Integration, Software Maintenance, Software Maintenance Process, Multi Agent System and Rasch Model
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	THE QUALITY DETERMINATION OF COCONUT WOOD DENSITY USING LEARNING VECTOR QUANTIZATION
Author:	IGN. NGESTI YUWONO, RICARDUS ANGGI PRAMUNENDAR, PULUNG NURTANTIO ANDONO, RN. AMONG SUBANDI
Abstract:	Coconut wood is one of the wood species used in Indonesia as a material for furniture and building construction. Coconut wood quality in terms of strength and durability is determined by many factors, such as a vascullar bundle density pattern on the wood. Currently the quality determination of coconut wood were done visually by the expert by looking at the pattern density vascullar bundle on coconut wood. The coconut wood qualities visually were classified into patterns of low density, low quality coconut wood; patterns of medium density, medium quality coconut wood; patterns of high density, high quality coconut wood. The classification of coconut wood density pattern could be done by applying intelligent technique, such as Learning Vector Quatization (LVQ). The LVQ model is a classification method thah uses a competitive supervised learning algorithm. The experimental result showed that the accuracy was 65.7% with kappa value of 0.481. the obtained result had a sufficient congruence between assessment and appraisal target density using LVQ.
Keywords:	Coconut Wood Density, LVQ
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	A REVIEW OF SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINE ADOPTION
Author:	M.A JABAR, ZAREI M.B., SIDI F, N.F.M SANI
Abstract:	Software Product Line was proposed in 2000 as a systematic approach toward reuse. Although benefits of this strategy is totally well known but there are still uncertainties between organizations about how they can apply SPL to their software product. This review tries to study articles in which adoption models and their properties were discussed in order to get a clear perspective about SPLs implementations and adoption strategy. This study is conducted as a Systematic Literature Review which was used to identify important characteristic which should be considered for product line adoption. 22 primary studies from different sources were evaluated to answer 2 research questions. The research identified more than 30 paper on this study but only 21 of them was precisely relevant in the field of SPL adoption. This research provides a general guideline for organization which wants to use SPL in their company. Our preliminary study conclude that in order to choose an appropriate adoption model organizations should identify their needs and choose best way according to that.
Keywords:	Software Product Line, Adoption, Adoption Model, Adoption Strategy
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION TECHNIQUES IN SENSOR NETWORKS
Author:	BENSLIMANE MOHAMED, ABDELALI IBRIZ, HARTI MOSTAFA
Abstract:	The wireless sensor networks have been around for a decade beneficing the progress of miniaturization of electronic and control of wireless communications that helped decrease significantly the production costs. We begin with a brief overview of sensor networks and their applications. We go through the following presentation of the cooperative communication and technical cooperation. The following sections are devoted to the introduction of technical MRC (Maximal Ratio Combining) used a combination of signals received from the same package.
Keywords:	Network Sensors, ZigBee ZigBeef, Body Area Wireless Network (WBAN), Maximal Ratio combining (MRC), Media Access Control (MAC), Cooperation
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	POWER FLOW STABILITY IN TRANSMISSION LINE USING UPFC BY NEURO FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
Author:	LAKSHMANAN.P, RAMESH.R, PANNEERSELVAM.M.A
Abstract:	In this paper a matrix converter based unified power flow controller (UPFC) is designed with the application of the intelligent techniques such as a combination of neural network and fuzzy logic. In conventional UPFC two voltage source inverters (VSI), operated from a common DC link provided by a DC storage capacitor. One is for static synchronous compensator and another one for static synchronous series compensator. Ratings of this DC link capacitor bank will have a significant impact on the cost and physical size of the UPFC. To overcome these limitations, a matrix converter (MC) is employed. To analyze the performance of the UPFC neuro-fuzzy controller is used. In fuzzy logic controller the membership cannot be adapted with respect to the system operations. To show the performance of proposed scheme simulation is done in MAT lab. Finally the results of neural fuzzy-SVPWM based UPFC is compared with space vector modulation based UPFC in terms of active and reactive power flows in the line and active, reactive power flows at the bus to analyze the performance of UPFC.
Keywords:	Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), Matrix converter (MC), Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC).
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	METHODOLOGIES TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF A BITTORRENT LIKE PEER TO PEER NETWORK
Author:	M.PADMAVATHI , R.M.SURESH
Abstract:	In a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network there is a lack of clear distinction among client and server nodes. Each and every network node (or peer) requires network resources and contributes resources to the network. This arrangement gives a clear representation that when more number of peers enter in to the network, additional resources such as CPU, storage, and bandwidth will be available for all the peers in the network. BitTorrent is a most popular and predominant peer to peer file distribution mechanism due to its scalability and ability to distribute large files quickly and expeditiously without devastating the server capacity. The Study of bittorrrent performance helps in understanding the characteristics and improvements in certain areas of the BitTorrent. This paper proposes new strategy to study and evaluate BitTorrent and its core mechanisms , the performance factor including uplink/ downlink utilization and fairness
Keywords:	Peer-to-Peer network, BitTorrent, Uplink Utilization , Downlink Utilization , Fairness
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN COUNTRY’S H-INDEX
Author:	MARYAM FARHADI, HADI SALEHI, MOHAMED AMIN EMBI, MASOOD FOOLADI, HADI FARHADI, AREZOO AGHAEI CHADEGANI, and NADER ALE EBRAHIM
Abstract:	The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear.
Keywords:	Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development, H-index, Middle East
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	A SURVEY ON SEMANTIC QUERY EXPANSION
Author:	R.JOTHILAKSHMI, N.SHANTHI, R.BABISARASWATHI
Abstract:	The ease of use of a large quantity of information source has spurred a great amount of attempt in the growth and enhancement of Information Retrieval techniques. Users’ information needs are expressed in the form of natural language and keyword queries. The successful retrieval is very much dependent on the effective communication of the intended purpose. The relative ineffectiveness of information retrieval systems is mostly caused by the inaccuracy of a query formed by a few keywords. The well known method to overcome this limitation is the Query Expansion (QE), in which the user entered queries are augmented with new concepts with similar meaning. In this paper we discuss about various Query Expansion approaches with some of the case studies. Finally we discuss the issues related to Information Retrieval (IR) and further research directions towards the effective Information Retrieval.
Keywords:	Information Retrieval, Ontology, Query Expansion
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 1 -- 2013
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