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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
November 2013 | Vol. 57 No.2

Title:	SHORT SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON E-LEARNING RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS
Author:	WASEEM M.CHUGHTAI, ALI B.SELAMA, IMRAN GHANI
Abstract:	In www (W3), many researchers use recommender systems in e-learning environmental domain. The recommender system in e-learning is actually used to suggest resources and relevant learning contents to learners regarding their required goals. Goal, in the e-Learning recommender system, is an identification of requirements and achievements of relevant items (learning content) required by the learner. This paper reviews the landscapes of current state-of-art recommender systems in e-learning environment. This paper is limited to discuss four types of filtering approaches, their benefits, limitations and cold-start problem with respect to recommender systems. The review of domain and previous research improvement provide timely and useful insight about recommender systems and cold-start issue in e-learning recommendation system domain.
Keywords:	Recommender System (RS), E-learning, Content-based Filtering (CBF), Collaborative Filtering (CF), Knowledge-based Filtering (KBS), Hybrid Filtering (HF)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	POSITIONING TECHNIQUE USING ONE HEARABLE UMTS CELL TO PREDICT ROAD USERS
Author:	KEERATPAL SINGH, MAHAMOD ISMAIL, ROSDIADEE NORDIN, ZAHID FARID
Abstract:	Timing trilateration requires timing information from three herbal UMTS base stations to accurately predict the position of mobile users. But, when only the serving UMTS cell is hearable, the Round Trip Time (RTT) of the cell is used, along with Telco’s beamwidth information, and a new technique called One Cell Road Angle Algorithm (OCRAA) to determine the proximity of the mobile users’ location. OCRAA ensures that the stored road point falls within the serving cell’s coverage based on a pre-calculated variable called Average Beamwidth (Abwt) for the antenna configuration of all cells covering the map’s road points. For an urban road in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), the simulation results produced location accuracy error of 65 meters for 95% of the experiment’s data, which is considered very desirable for navigational services
Keywords:	Location Technique, Positioning For Umts, Navigation, Round Trip Time, Trilateration
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	SEAMLESS MOBILITY IN 4G HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS NETWORKS
Author:	K. KOMALA, Dr. P. INDUMATHI
Abstract:	A Heterogeneous Network abbreviated as HetNet is a mix of macrocells, picocells,femtocells, remote radio heads and relays. A HetNet is a network consisting of various wireless access technologies and functionalities. The Next Generation mobility technique called the 4G deals with the multi-access heterogeneous wireless networks which provide seamless connectivity of multimedia services at a higher data rate to the end users. There are various research challenges like self organization, backhauling, handover and interference for the 4G The various handover mechanisms with respect to intradomain and interdomain are analyzed. An experimental testbed for the seamless mobility of heterogeneous wireless techniques such as mobility from IEEE 802.11 to IEEE 802.16e is considered. The performance results of a seamless handoff with minimum packet loss and delay proves the efficiency in the mobility of the HetNets using the Network Simulator (NS-2).
Keywords:	HetNets; Mobility; Seamless Handover; 4G Technique; Wireless Networks.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	PEAK SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO BASED ON THRESHOLD METHOD FOR IMAGE SEGMENTATION
Author:	FARSHID PIRAHANSIAH, SITI NORUL HUDA SHEIKH ABDULLAH, SHAHNORBANUN SAHRAN
Abstract:	Binarization or thresholding is one problem that must be solved in pattern recognition and it has a very important influence on the sequent steps in imaging applications. Thresholding is used to separate objects from the background, and diminish the amount of data alter the computational speed. Recently, interest in multilevel thresholding has been altered. However, when the levels are altered, the computation time alters so single threshold methods are accelerated than multilevel methods. Moreover, for every new application, new methods are is acquired. In this work, a new algorithm which used the gain signal-to-noise ratio method as an indicator to segment the image is aimed. The algorithm which is used the DIBCO 2011 in printed and a handwritten image was tested. This method has a better performance than new methods, such as Kittler and Illingworth's Minimum Error Thresholding, potential difference and Otsu.
Keywords:	PSNR, Single Thresholding, Image Processing, Image Segmentation, Optical Character Recognition
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION BASED TOTAL VARIATION FILTER FOR IMAGE DENOISING
Author:	JANSI S., SUBASHINI P
Abstract:	Denoising of images is an important task in Magnetic Resonance (MR) image processing and image analysis, and it plays a significant role in modern applications in different fields, including medical imaging and computer vision. While many algorithms have been proposed for the purpose of image denoising, the problem of noise image suppression remains an open challenge, because noise removal introduces artifacts and causes blurring of the images. In this paper, Non Local Means, Anisotropic Diffusion, Bilateral, and Total Variation methods are used to reduce the image artifacts and noise in MRI images. Finally, PSO is implemented to find the optimal value of the regularization parameter of total variation method. The experimental results are obtained to show the performance of the proposed method. The proposed methods are compared and evaluated based on the error rate and their quality of the image.
Keywords:	Medical Image Processing, Image denoising, MRI brain images, Filtering techniques, Regularization parameter, Particle Swarm Optimization
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	MAMMOGRAM MRI IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICATION
Author:	S.PITCHUMANI ANGAYARKANNI, DR.NADIRA BANU KAMAL, DR.V.THAVAVEL
Abstract:	This paper presents the mathematical morphological and rough set based approach in detection and classification of cancerous masses in MRI mammogram images. Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women. In order to reduce the death rate, early detection of cancerous regions in mammogram images is needed. The existing system is not so accurate and it is time consuming. MRI Mammogram images are enhanced and the artifacts are removed using the Fuzzification technique. The ROI(Region of Interest) is extracted using Graph Cut method and the Four mathematical morphological features are calculated for the segmented contour . ID3 algorithm is applied to extract the features which play a vital role in classification of masses in mammogram into Normal, Benign and Malignant. The sensitivity, the specificity, positive prediction value and negative prediction value of the proposed algorithm were determined and compared with the existing algorithms. Automatic classification of the mammogram MRI images is done through three layered Multilayered Perceptron .The weights are adjusted based the Artificial Bee Colony Optimization technique .Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used to detect the accuracy of the proposed system. The sensitivity, the specificity, positive prediction value and negative prediction value of the proposed algorithm accounts to 98.78%, 98.9%, 92% and 96.5% which rates very high when compared to the existing algorithms. The area under the ROC curve is 0.89.
Keywords:	Fuzzification, Gabor Filter, Graph Cut, ID3 And Artificial Bee Colony Technique.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	OPINION MINING AND SUMMARIZATION OF COMPANY REVIEWS
Author:	KRITHIKA L.B , ANAND MAHENDRAN
Abstract:	In the age of information any process begins with searching for information. Searching has become an unending syndrome. We search for information on vast topics and the frequent few topics are on product, opinion about company, education institution and news over the internet. Search results include indexed data from review forum, blog, tweet, emotional comment on websites and wiki. Data required for information lays all over flooded and piled with mix of unique, duplicate, custom generated, false portrait, broken sentence and multiple language. These data are unauthentic, meaningless and noisy. This paper work focus on extracting review comment data of company from review forums, reduce noise, group them and give meaning full summarized information and cumulative review rating of company’s features to the user.
Keywords:	Natural Language Processing, Opinion Mining, Feature Based Summarization, User Review, Clustering
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	EFFICIENT AND SECURE ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS -RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Author:	S.GANESH, DR.R.AMUTHA
Abstract:	Advances in Wireless Sensor Network Technology (WSN) has provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing and wireless communication. One of the most challenging issues so far is the extension of network lifetime with regards to small battery capacity and self-sustained operation. Endeavors to save energy have been made on various frontiers, ranging from hardware improvements over medium access and routing protocols to network clustering and role changing strategies. In addition some authors studied failures in communication regarded as error detection. Yet, only weak attention has been paid to the detection of malicious nodes and its potential for lifetime extension. In this paper, we proposed a cluster based security protocol named as Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol (ESRP). The goal of ESRP is to provide an energy efficient routing solution with security features for clustered WSN. Extensive investigation studies using Network Simulator (NS-2) shows that the proposed scheme helps to achieve balanced energy consumption and increases the throughput.
Keywords:	Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing Protocol, Energy Efficiency, Intrusion detection, Throughput enhancement, NS-2
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	AN SOA APPROACH FOR MEASURING ALIGNMENT BETWEEN ENTERPRISE REQUIREMENTS AND ERP SYSTEM
Author:	BENGOUD KENZA, BENMOUSSA RACHID, SAIB SARA, ABD ACHRAF
Abstract:	The implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system within companies is increasingly current. Despite the potential benefits that ERP systems provide, these projects are risky. In fact, many ERP integration projects fail because the system is not aligned to adopting organization’s requirements. This paper proposes criteria and metrics that allow measuring alignment between enterprise requirements and ERP functionalities in order to quantify the extent of the fit between the business and the ERP system. We used SOA (service oriented architecture) formalism to model both the ERP system and the enterprise requirements. We illustrate how to derive service oriented business process model and service oriented ERP process model from business process model and ERP process model, respectively. This derivation is essentially deduced from a set of rules based on the concepts of the business process meta-model and SOA meta-model. On the other hand, we used the pair of resulting SOA models as inputs for the alignment measurement process. Finally, we illustrate our proposals with a case study.
Keywords:	Alignment Relationship, Business Processes, ERP, Measure, Metric, SOA
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	METADATA BASED HIGH QUALITY IMAGE/VIDEO STREAMING USING CURVELET TRANSFORM
Author:	P.EPSIBA, S.SUBATHRA, N.SARDAR BASHA, G.SURESH, N.KUMARATHARAN
Abstract:	Today’s revolution is mobile communication revolution, which enables us to connect each other worldwide. Due to the enhancement of multimedia and video surveillance services people are more sophisticated. Because of bandwidth requirements and resolution mismatch the designers still striving to provide robust coding technique. In mobile, web applications scalable video coding plays a vital role to integrate network providers with their clients. Generally, visual artifacts introduced in the existing video up/down sampling and to bridge the resolution gap between video streaming and display devices a new curvelet based architecture is introduced. Specifically, the proposed method up samples video frames by decoding the lower resolution (LR) video together with necessary features extracted from high resolution (HR). In this paper edge extraction and profile generation is provided as metadata by using curvelet transform. This proposed metadata based video streaming using curvelet transformation structure enhancing the video quality during LR to HR scheme and it provides good solution commercially.
Keywords:	Curvelet Transform, Up/Down Sampler, Resolution, SVC
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	NEW COMPRESSION FUNCTION TO SHA-256 BASED ON THE TECHNIQUES OF DES.
Author:	ZAKARIA KADDOURI, FOUZIA OMARY, ABDOLLAH ABOUCHOUAR, MOHSSIN DAARI, KHADIJA ACHKOUN
Abstract:	In this paper, we propose a new hash function based on the SHA-256 diagram and techniques of DES, that we call SHA-SBOX. This proposed hash function produces a 256-bit fingerprint exactly like the classic version. Its effectiveness in the resistance to differential and linear attacks is widely comparable to SHA-256. In light of recent attacks on MD4, MD5, SHA-0 and SHA-1, there is a great need to consider other strategies to design hash functions. We present a new compression function for SHA-256 with an internal structure based entirely on the techniques of DES.
Keywords:	SHA-256, Permutation, Substitution, Linear Attacks, Differential Attacks
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	PARALLEL GRASP ALGORITHM WITH DELAY AND DELAY VARIATION FOR RENDEZVOUS POINT SELECTION IN PIM-SM MULTICAST ROUTING
Author:	YOUSSEF BADDI, MOHAMED DAﬁR ECH-CHERIF El KETTANI
Abstract:	Many multicast routing protocols has proposed to support efficient multimedia application, PIM-SM protocol remains the most used multicast routing protocol; they propose using a Shared Rendezvous Point Tree SRPT to forward multicast packets. The prime problem concerning SRPT construction is to determine an optimal multicast router in the network as root; this problem is called RP selection. This problem influences the multicast routing tree structure, and therefore influences performances of the multicast session and multicast routing scheme. Determination of a best RP position is an NP complete problem, first proposed by Wall, which needs to be solved with a heuristic algorithm. In this paper we propose a new RP selection algorithm based on Parallel GRAS Procedure. 2DV-PGRASP-RP selects RP by considering cost, delay and delay variation functions and can be easily integrated to bootstrap RP protocol used by PIM-SM. Simulation results show that good performance is achieved in multicast cost.
Keywords:	2DV-PGRASP-RP; PIM-SM; Multicast IP; SRPT; RP; GRASP; BootStrap RP
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	HASHSORT - A NOVEL HASHING FUNCTION BASED ON SORTING TECHNIQUE TO RESOLUTE COLLISION
Author:	S. MUTHUSUNDARI , R.M. SURESH
Abstract:	Hash tables are extensively used in data structures to implement tables that associate a set of keys to a set of values, as they provide O(1), to perform operations such as query, insert and delete operations. However, at moderate collisions are quite frequent which not only increases the access time, but also decrease the performance in the deterministic. Due to this deterministic performance, the hash table degrades. In some systems, it is very difficult to keep the hash operations more deterministic. In recent trends, more research papers have been proposed, which employs a new and fast hash functions to implement hash tables and to avoid collisions. In this paper, we propose a novel hash table implementation called Hashsort function, which reduces the Collisions occur in the hash table. The basic idea of this paper is to reduce the collisions, such that automatically it increases the access time. High performance can be obtained by reducing the collisions in the hash table. Hashsort, makes an easy choice for the implementation of hash table in data structure.
Keywords:	Collision, Hashsort, Hash table, Sorting, Data structures.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	A LOW POWER MULTIPLIER USING ENCODING AND BYPASSING TECHNIQUE
Author:	PRABHU. E, Dr.MANGALAM.H, S.KARTHICK
Abstract:	In this paper, a low power Encoding and Bypassing technique based shift-add multiplier is presented. The proposed architecture is derived from simple way to reduce power consumption and area of the multiplier in VLSI design architecture level model. The proposed architecture maximum reduces the power consumption and area compared to the other conventional multiplier. The modification to the multiplier includes proposed Encoder design for Modified Radix-4 recording rules, removal of zero partial products using bypassing technique (decoder). A decoder instead of bypass and feeder register is utilized for the removal of zeros (bypassing) and selecting the current partial product value to be stored in register. In this paper, encoder and decoder selector circuit has been used in the proposed model work. Low power consumption and low area occupied multiplier architecture model is proposed. The simulation result for the encoding process and bypassing technique using decoder generated using Xpower analyzer in Xilinx 10.1 ISE (integrated software environment) represents the dynamic power consumption is reduced to almost 50%. When the power consumed by the proposed multiplier using Spartan-2 is 6.28mW, the Virtex-4 device is 6.89mW. The proposed multiplier is mainly applicable for designing low power VLSI circuits and high speed switching techniques.
Keywords:	Modified Radix-4 Recording Rules, Encoding, Bypassing, Decoder, Switching Activity, Partial Product.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	A SUB-OPTIMAL PTS ALGORITHM BASED ON BACTERIAL FORAGING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR PAPR REDUCTION IN MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM
Author:	R.MANJITH, M.SUGANTHI
Abstract:	A suboptimal partial transmit sequence (PTS) based on bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) algorithm is presented for the low computation complexity and the reduction of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of a multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system. In general, PTS technique can improve the PAPR statistics of a MIMO- OFDM system. However, it will come with an exhaustive search over all combinations of allowed phase weighting factors and the search complexity increasing exponentially with the number of subblocks. In this paper, we work around potentially computational intractability; the proposed bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) scheme exploits heuristics to search the optimal combination of phase factors with low complexity. Simulation results show that the BFO technique can effectively reduce the computation complexity, PAPR reduction and BER performance of MIMO - OFDM system.
Keywords:	MIMO-OFDM, Partial Transmit Sequence, Peak-To-Average Power Ratio, Bacterial Foraging Optimization, Bit Error Rate.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	DATA MINING IN NETWORK SECURITY - TECHNIQUES & TOOLS: A RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE
Author:	D.ASIR ANTONY GNANA SINGH, E.JEBAMALAR LEAVLINE
Abstract:	This paper presents recent trends and practices in data mining to handle the rising risks and threats in the area of Network security in today’s digital age and discusses the various data mining tools for data analysis and prediction, network tools for sniffing and analyzing the networks. This paper proposes a supervised learning based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to identify the intruders, attackers in a network and covers the most significant advances and emerging research issues in the field of data mining in network security. This will be beneficial to academicians, industrialists and students who incline towards research and development in the area of data mining in network security.
Keywords:	Learning, Intrusion detection, Supervised Learner, Data Mining, Network Security
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	END USER PREFERENCES ON HOSPITAL WEBSITES IN NIGERIA
Author:	SHAKIRAT.O.RAJI, MURNI MAHMUD, ABU OSMAN TAP, ADAMU ABUBAKAR
Abstract:	This paper presents a Usability study of the Nigerian Hospital websites, through usability testing of some sample hospital websites in Nigeria. The study aims to provide better understanding of the design features and content that offers an easier way of enquiring for some medical advice. Selected participants for the usability testing were given tasks to locate and find specified information in the websites and were evaluated based Nielsen usability heuristics in order to gather the users’ opinion about the websites. The accessibility and availability were also evaluated and the findings indicate huge discrepancies between what people do and what the website are meant for. Each website has its own strengths and weaknesses, but in terms of interactions, our findings reveal that users misunderstand the important of reading instructions provided in websites and prefer direct interaction than by following instruction.
Keywords:	Usability, Usability Study, Usability Testing, Hospital Websites, Usability Heuristics
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	A MODEL OF THE REUSE OF THE PROFILES OF LEARNERS
Author:	ADIL JEGHAL, LAHCEN OUGHDIR, HAMID TAIRI, ANAS EL AFFAR
Abstract:	The use of learner profiles is one of the ways to adapt learning to the learners’ specifics, as the computing environments for Human Learning (EIAH) allow users to view the learner profiles and perform activities on their visualizations. We are interested in the reuse of heterogeneous profiles coming from different platforms. Our goal is to propose models and tools to enable or to allow the reuse of external profiles. In this article we present a state of the art on the existing models and our proposed model.
Keywords:	CSCW Profiles, EIAH, Online Learning, IMS LIP, PAPI Learner, FOAF
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	AN INTELLIGENT ARCHITECTURE FOR GENERATING EVOLUTIONARY PERSONALIZED LEARNING PATHS BASED ON LEARNER PROFILES
Author:	JABER EL BOUHDIDI, MOHAMED GHAILANI, ABDELHADI FENNAN
Abstract:	In this paper we present a solution that is a continuation of work done in the field of adaptive educational systems. It is an approach oriented objectives based on ontologies, multi-agent system and Bayesian networks to generate dynamically personalized learning paths. The dynamic aspect is essential for each learning session in the context of this solution, because the learning paths meet the objectives formulated by the learners will be generated to measure and after formulation the specific request. The operation consists of searching, filtering and composing dynamically hypermedia units of learning responding to the learner profile. For structuring and modeling information managed by our architecture, we used ontologies of Semantic Web. We designed the ontology of learners using the standard IMS-LIP to represent the learner profiles, some fields are added to include, in the model of the learner, learning styles according to the model of Felder and Silverman. And for representation of resources we designed the ontology of resources based on the LOM standard. Furthermore, the architecture is divided into three layers; each layer is managed by a number of agents. Agents exploit the Bayesian model and ontologies to provide learners with personalized learning paths.
Keywords:	Personalized Learning Paths, Learning Styles, Ontologies, Multi-agent system, Bayesian Networks
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC GRID CONNECTION FOR SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER WITH DIFFERENT PWM GENERATION
Author:	ZULKIFILE IBRAHIM, AHMAD SHUKRI ABU HASIM, MD HAIRUL NIZAM TALIB, JURIFA MAT LAZI, SITI NOORMIZA MAT ISA, RAIHANA MUSTAFA
Abstract:	In this paper, photovoltaic (PV) system at maximum power point tracking is connected to a three phase grid incorporating with shunt active power filter (APF) is presented. The PV system used to generate power from the sun array and feeding to the grid while shunt APF used to improve power quality of the photovoltaic generation based on d-q theory. Two pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques namely; hysteresis and space vector have been applies and studies the effects of both techniques to the system performance. The simulations has been carry-out and demonstrate using MATLAB/Simulink (MLS) environment shows that the proposed system offers improvement on power quality and power factor correction. Almost 80% to 90% improvements of the THD with unity power factor are expected in the result obtained.
Keywords:	Photovoltaic (PV), Shunt Active Power Filter (APF), Grid Connected System
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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Title:	RESERVATION OF CHANNELS FOR HANDOFF USERS IN VISITOR LOCATION BASED ON PREDICTION
Author:	M.AMSAVENI S.MALATHY
Abstract:	The available bandwidth must be efficiently utilized by the mobile user, because the mobile users are increasing gradually nowadays. The main goal of the channel reservation is to reduce the call dropping probability. An efficient channel allocation scheme can significantly reduce call dropping probability. Large number of channel assignment and allocation policies has been proposed. In this paper, the Prediction Based Channel Reservation (PBCR) algorithm is proposed. The PBCR algorithm allows the reservation of a channel for users in target cell before the user moves into that cell. Pre reservations are made when the users are within some distance of the new cell boundary. Channel Borrowing scheme and Queuing scheme are used in this PBCR algorithm for allocating the channel to predicted regular and irregular users. In channel borrowing scheme, free channels are selected from the central pool and optimally allocated to regular user. For irregular user, queuing scheme is applied. These schemes are used to reduce the call dropping probability and utilize the channel bandwidth effectively. So the performance of PBCR algorithm is better when compared to other existing algorithms.
Keywords:	Channel Borrowing, Channel Reservation, Hand off calls, PBCR Algorithm
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology November 2013 -- Vol. 57. No. 2 -- 2013
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