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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
July 2013 | Vol. 53 No.1

Title:	EVALUATION OF INTRUSION DETECTION TECHNIQUES IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS
Author:	ANUSHA.K , JAYALESHWARI.N
Abstract:	Mobile ad-hoc networks are improvised wireless network increasingly appearing in recent years as portable wireless devices. Due to remarkable characteristics such as lack of central coordination, infrastructure less, dynamic topology and nature of wireless communication, Mobile ad-hoc networks are vulnerable to many security threats. Many Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have been introduced to identify the possible attacks in the MANET. In this paper, we review different methods of detection systems and evaluate the systems that have been proposed prominently.
Keywords:	Intrusion detection system, Mobile ad-hoc network, Routing protocols, Security threats
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	SELECTION OF CLUSTER HEAD USING FUZZY ADAPTIVE CLUSTERING FOR ENERGY OPTIMIZATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
Author:	A.KARTHIKEYAN, SURYALOK SARKAR, AKANKSHA MOHAN GUPTE V.SRIVIDHYA
Abstract:	In Wireless Sensor Network the (WSN) main constraint against the enhanced lifetime of a network is the consumption of energy by the sensor nodes which are basically driven by battery. Extending the effective operating duration of wireless sensor networks remains in the center of attention while talking about wireless sensor network issues. As lifetime is directly related with the energy supplies of the nodes, a robust approach to contribute towards overall network lifetime is to optimize the energy consumption the nodes. At the same time an energy efficient routing protocol is the major concern in ﬁeld of wireless sensor network. In this paper we present comparison of five energy efficient hierarchal routing protocols, developed from conventional LEACH protocol. We are concentrating in our research how these extended routing protocols work in order to enhance the longevity of the wireless sensor network. Simulation results shows that newly developed fuzzy based LEACH or LEACH-F is able to enhance the lifetime of the network better than any other version of existing LEACH protocol.
Keywords:	Wireless Sensor Network, LEACH, LEACH-F
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	PREDICTIVE LOAD BALANCING FOR DATA MINING IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
Author:	M.EUGIN LILLY MARY, PROF.DR.V.SARAVANAN
Abstract:	Load Balancing is the key attribute in distributed systems to ensure fast processing and optimal utilization of hardware components. The processing elements of varying hardware architecture and computing capabilities in a shared network system constitute the distributed system. In such a heterogeneous environment, load balancing and scheduling become complex and complicated. Dynamic feedback based techniques, predicting the processing time of a task in a node, will be a promising solution to resolve variations of this ubiquitous system. A collaborative agent system comprising mobile and stationary agents captures the feedback from the contributing nodes and the prediction for the proceeding time epoch is made by minimizing the gap between the predicted processing power and the actual processing power of the node in the preceding epoch. As a result, the actual processing time of a task recorded is very close to the predicted time, thereby reflecting the variations of the distributed system. This predictor enables the construction of load balancing algorithms suitable for a heterogeneous distributed environment.
Keywords:	Predictive Processing Power, Actual processing power, Next Predicted Time Ratio, Actual Time_Ratio, Rate of mining.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	ACCURACY SYNTHESIS OF A 3-UCR PARALLEL ROBOT USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Author:	TAIKE YAO, YONG WANG, FENG ZHOU, XI ZHOU
Abstract:	The genetic algorithm is implemented to solve the problem of accuracy synthesis for a 3-UCR (Universal-Cylindrical-Revolute) parallel robot. Accuracy synthesis is one challenging topic for the parallel robot in the precision applications. First, the kinematic model and error model are built for the 3-UCR parallel robot. Then, the accuracy synthesis model based on manufacturing cost is formulated. The synthesis problem is converted to an optimization problem taking the tolerances of all error sources as design parameters, the manufacturing cost as objective and the accuracy requirements as the constraint condition. Finally, the genetic algorithm is used to solve this constraint and nonlinear optimization problem. The simulation of a 3-UCR parallel support for the telescope secondary mirror shows that genetic algorithm is an appropriate tool to achieve the accuracy synthesis based on manufacturing cost. This approach is practical and effective, and the synthesis results can satisfy the need of pose accuracy. The synthesis result is more economical and practical than accuracy synthesis based on sensitivity which cost twice as much.
Keywords:	3-UCR Parallel Robot, Error Model, Accuracy Synthesis, Manufacturing Costs, Genetic Algorithm
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	OPTIMIZATION SCHEME OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION INSTALLATION GROWTH CONSIDERING NETWORK POWER QUALITY
Author:	YUSRAN, MOCHAMAD ASHARI, ADI SOEPRIJANTO
Abstract:	The distributed generation (DG) installation growth must be anticipated, primarily by electrical power network operator. An unmanaged DG installation will cause problems of network power quality. This research discussed optimization scheme of DG installation growth considering network power quality. This research was conducted by using multi-type DG eg. capability to inject active power only, capability to inject active and reactive power and capability to inject active power and to absorb reactive power. The three types of DG were connected simultaneously to the network. The objective of this research was obtaining the maximum allowable DG penetration on the network and based on the result, arranging the DG installation growth scenarios at 75, 50, and 25 % level. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based optimization method was conducted to obtain maximum allowable DG penetration on the network. The DG optimization in this research was expected to obtain minimum network active power losses with network voltage value within 0.95 – 1.1 pu standard value. The proposed optimization scheme was implemented on the IEEE 30 bus network. Based on optimization result, DG was distributed on 8 distribution load bus with maximum 205 MW+ j1 Mvar total capacity. The optimization result indicated that DG penetration improving network power quality. After DG optimization, the network active power losses was reduced by 74.176 %. The voltage of entire bus were still maintained within 0.95-1.1 pu standard value even though network average voltage was increased by 2.066 %. For 75, 50 and 25 % DG growth installation scenario, the active power losses was reduced by 69.2, 55.7, 33.96 %, respectively and the network average voltage was increased by 1.9472, 1.6869, 1.2257 %, respectively.
Keywords:	Optimization Scheme, Multi-Type Distributed Generation (DG), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Power Quality
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	SPHINX-4 INDONESIAN ISOLATED DIGIT SPEECH RECOGNITION
Author:	IKA NOVITA DEWI, FAHRI FIRDAUSILLAH, CATUR SUPRIYANTO
Abstract:	Sphinx-4 is one of speech recognition engine which is the latest addition to Carnegie Mellon University’s (CMU) repository of Sphinx speech recognition system. This study was applied Sphinx-4 for Indonesian digit speech recognition using JavaTM programming language. Seven men were selected in order to test the Indonesian digit speech recognition system in term of recognition rate. The result of the experiment showed that each man had different number of recognition rate caused by the difference tone, pronunciation, and speed of speech. The future works of this study will be mapping English-Indonesian pronunciation in order to increase the recognition rate and compare men-women recognition rate to identify gender aspects in speech recognition.
Keywords:	Speech Recognition; Indonesian Isolated Digit; Sphinx-4
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	A NOVEL VOICE RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR DUMB PEOPLE
Author:	S.GANESH, Dr.SARAVANA KUMAR, Dr. SHANKAR, SAMUEL D.RAJ, R.KARTIK
Abstract:	Information Communication Technology (ICT) can support people with physical disabilities by enabling them to access the information along with others. Physical challenge either temporary or of permanent nature put limitations in learning process of an individual as it can limit accessibility, can hamper understanding thus making it difficult for such persons to be at par with others. Learning activity such as following a lecture, reading a book, accessing resources, websites, appearing in the exams (written or oral) becomes an uphill task for physically challenged persons. A wide range of software and peripherals are now available as alternatives to using the traditional keyboard and mouse, which can suit learners with varying physical disabilities. A person can choose a technology based on his or her ability and ease in using a technology This paper analysis how ICT can meet requirements of education and employment of physically challenged people. This paper is basically aims in making mobile phones that can be easily accessible by the dumb, who are not deaf. The primary aim lies in capturing the lip movements of the dumb and converting these into vibrations and consequently into sound signals which are later transmitted to the receiver as such. Basically a device needs to be fitted in their mouth to sense the lip movements and consequently convert them into vibration. Then the process of recognizing the speech from vibrations takes place. The recognized speech is sent to receiver. Thus this product will prove effective for conversing with dumb people, thereby bringing a great impact in improving their communication with others and for understanding and sharing their thought and feelings. This product will be “SERVICE TO HUMANITY”.
Keywords:	Dump people, Lip movement, Speech recognition, Sound detection, Transceiver.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	AN ENERGY EFFICIENT KEY MANAGEMENT AND AUTHENTICATION TECHNIQUE FOR MULTICASTING IN AD HOC NETWORKS
Author:	PAVITHIRA LOGANATHAN, Dr. T. PURUSOTHAMAN
Abstract:	In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) multicasting, when an attacker inserts spurious packets into the network any time, its neighbors can drop these packets when proper authentication is performed. Hence, efficient authentication with key management is required for multicasting in MANET. Also multicast key management in ad hoc networks involves energy expenditure in key distribution and rekeying. In this paper, we propose a trust authority based key management and authentication technique for multicasting in ad hoc networks. Initially we construct an energy efficient topology aware key tree which mainly aims to reduce the re-keying load by pre-processing the joining members during the idle re-keying interval. Key management is processed based upon Diffie-Hellman key pair and RSA secret public key pair. A trust authority establishes public key certificates for each group member by signing the public key with its secret key. From the simulation results we show that this key management guarantees key authentication, enhances fault-tolerance and protects the tree from impersonation attacks.
Keywords:	Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET), Key Management, Authentication Technique
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	WHAT DRIVES SUCCESSFUL E-LEARNING? AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE KEY TECHNICAL ISSUES IN SAUDI ARABIAN UNIVERSITIES
Author:	AYMAN ALTAMEEM
Abstract:	In the new era of learning, electronic learning (e-learning) has become a vital strategy for the vast majority of educational organizations across the world. This has instigated a fundamental change in the whole education sector’s structure, values, culture and the ways in which learning is conducted. The worldwide e-learning market has grown considerably, but failures are still occurring. While technology is the enabler of e-learning, in many institutions it is also an obstacle affecting the full utilization of its own potential. This paper investigates the major technical issues that impact on e-learning delivery in Saudi Arabian universities. The study identified four major technical issues: information communication technology (ICT) infrastructures, security, access (on-site and off-site) and information technology (IT) support. The various technical issues were investigated through the use of empirical case studies from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This research also presents several recommendations which could be enforced to aid the implementation of e-learning systems at universities in Saudi Arabia. This research therefore has relevance for researchers, educational leaders and developers. Finally, a number of possible further research directions are discussed.
Keywords:	E-learning, communication technologies, information security, empirical studies
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	IDENTICAL SOUND DETECTION OF USING LEAST MEAN SQUARE – ADAPTIVE CROSS CORRELATION FOR TRANSCRIPTION
Author:	YOYON K. SUPRAPTO, ARIS TJAHJANTO, DIAH PUSPITO WULANDARI
Abstract:	Development of eastern music like gamelan is far lagged from that of western music because gamelan is still stigmatized as part of traditional arts which must be preserved instead of being analyzed and developed. Therefore development of in depth research concerning gamelan music is needed to bring back the greatness of this music like that in its era (17th-18th century). This research initiates the gamelan sound extraction for music transcription. We applied Least Mean Square - Adaptive Cross Correlation (LACC). ACC was conducted to generate spectral density for music transcription while LMS was utilized to detect instruments which have identical fundamental frequency, in order to avoid over detection. Experiment demonstrates the test performance demonstrates that the proposed method provided 2 - 12 % improvement for real gamelan performance comparing to conventional methods such as STFT.
Keywords:	Saron time frequency model, Adaptive cross-correlation, saron extraction, music transcription, Least Mean Square.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	RESOURCE CONSUMPTION IN NEMO ROUTE OPTIMIZATION USING CORRESPONDENT ROUTER
Author:	SAMER SAMI HASAN, ROSILAH HASSAN, HUSSAM ALI
Abstract:	Network mobility (NEMO) is an important requirement for internet networks to reach the goal of ubiquitous connectivity. The IETF design NEMO BSP to manage network mobility in an aggregate way. Standard NEMO suffers from number of limitation and problems such as pinball problem and link-drop problem. In NEMO route optimization, an attacker may induce the mobile router to initiate the route optimization procedure with a large number of correspondent nodes at the same time by sending to a mobile network node of the NEMO a spoofed IP packet that appears to come from a new correspondent node. If the correspondent addresses are real addresses of existing IP nodes, then most instances of the binding update protocol may be successfully completed. The entries created in the Binding Cache are correct but useless. In this way, the attacker can induce the mobile to execute the binding update protocol unnecessarily, which can drain the mobile’s resources. A correspondent node can also be attacked in a similar way. The attacker sends spoofed IP packets to a large number of mobiles, with the target node’s address as the source address. These mobiles will initiate the binding update protocol with the target node. Again, most of the binding update protocol executions will be completed successfully. By inducing a large number of unnecessary binding updates, the attacker is able to consume the target node’s resources. Meanwhile, using the correspondent router will reduce this kind of attack according to its rules and function as a single point of management to optimize on behalf of multiple entities. This research provides an analytical method for evaluating the resource consumption in different NEMO schemes using correspondent router.
Keywords:	Network mobility, Route optimization, Mobile IPv6, Correspondent router
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	USING PSO ALGORITHM FOR THE TRAFFIC LIGHTS SETTING PROBLEM WITH CELLULAR AUTOMATON MODEL
Author:	K. ZINE-DINE, A. MADANI
Abstract:	The problem of traffic light optimization has been studied in the past twenty years. Since too many factors in the real traffic could be involved, lots of researchers proposed different kinds of models with various assumptions. In this paper, we propose a PSO algorithm based model to investigate how to set the given traffic lights such as that the total waiting time of roads is minimized. We demonstrate that PSO algorithm provides an optimal solution to traffic signal timing, leading therefore to improve the total flow and minimize the waiting times behind crossing points.
Keywords:	Traffic Signal Timing, Cellular Automata Models, PSO Algorithm
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	SOLVING HEURISTIC ATTACKS USING ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHY IN QUANTUM COMPUTER
Author:	G. ALOY ANUJA MARY, C.CHELLAPPAN
Abstract:	Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS) is one of the important branch in Quantum Cryptography which combines Quantum with classical mechanics. The main objective of this paper is to propose elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for solving heuristic attacks. The QSS and ECC methods has been tested in the following three quantum algorithms like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Tabu search algorithm (TS), Cuckoo search algorithm (CS). By considering the error rate, ECC method has higher error rate than the existing QSS method and secrecy also has been improved. The proposed ECC method is implemented and tested for 50 iterations and also comparison is made with QSS.
Keywords:	Quantum Secret Sharing, Genetic Algorithm, Tabu Search Algorithm, Cuckoo Search Algorithm , Elliptic Curve Cryptography.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	A STUDY ON STATISTICAL BASED FEATURE SELECTION METHODS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF GENE MICROARRAY DATASET
Author:	J.JEYACHIDRA, M.PUNITHAVALLI,
Abstract:	With the rapid development of computer and information technology, an enormous amount of data in science and engineering had been generated in massive scale. Also, the diversity of data, the data mining tasks and approaches pose many challenges to research in data mining. The data mining field has widespread applications including advance diagnosis, market analysis, business management and decision support. But in medical field, illness in common and cancer in particular have become more and more complex and complicated one. To solve the problem in data mining, knowledge discovery tools had been used mainly in research environment. The data mining algorithms are important tool and the most extensively used approach to classify gene expression data and play an important role for classification. Classification is a data mining task and is an effective method to classify the data in the process of knowledge discovery .One of the major challenges faced by many scientists today is the analysis of the explosion of microarray gene expression data. This research is based on machine learning particularly microarray gene expression data analysis . In this paper, the authors have analyzed and compared the two statistical based feature selection algorithms namely Chi Square and T – Test Methods.
Keywords:	Feature Selection, Gene, Microarray, Data Mining, Machine Learning
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	DELTA REFERENCE DATA DEDUPLICATION IN LOW UPLOAD BANDWIDTH NETWORK
Author:	XIANZHUO LIU, JINLIN WANG, MING ZHU
Abstract:	When users put their files on remote storage, it is important to update local changes in short time. Due to the redundancy between successive versions of files, compare-by-hash and delta compression have been studied to reduce total volume locally transmit. Better performance are desirable since plain compare-by-hash does not fully exploit redundancy and delta compression lay additional space demands and application oriented limits on local storage system. In this paper, a delta reference approach is proposed to further reduce the volume sent to remote server by dynamically searching for similar file and reference chunks for the chunk sent from the local host. Experiments on practical datasets reveal that the proposed approach can reduce the volume sent to remote server up to 28.3% thereby decreasing transfer time as much as 26.2% in typical low upload bandwidth networks.
Keywords:	Delta Compression, Data Deduplication, Content Defined Chunking, Bandwidth Asymmetric Network, Data Synchronization
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	GRAPHICAL PASSWORD SCHEMES DESIGN: ENHANCING MEMORABILITY FEATURES USING AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORIES
Author:	OBASAN ADEBOLA, NORAFIDA ITHNIN, MOHD ZALISHAM JALI, NICHOLAS AKOSU
Abstract:	Memorability and security of passwords are two distinct extremes that are difficult to achieve at the same time. These two important features are a major problem in conventional textual password systems. Text-based is a system where memorability is inversely proportional to security of passwords as such users choose weak texts as passwords to make it easy for themselves to remember at the expense of security. A weak password is easy to remember but provide little or no security because weak password is easy to break. To correct this flaw , graphical passwords are developed as an alternative to text-based passwords. However, a number of existing graphical schemes still have some drawbacks. The present study introduces a framework of a graphical password scheme using autobiographical memories to improve the memorabily of passwords. With this feature, user can write or draw two characters in each round of the grid cells for three rounds during the password creation and later use the corresponding cells in three rounds for authentication, without touching the grid system in order to prevent the password from being seen by any nearby observer and ultimately to resist against shoulder surfing
Keywords:	Autobiographical Memory, Shoulder Surfing, Graphical Passwords, Draw-Based Schemes
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	HYBRID WEB ENGINEERING PROCESS MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE SCALE WEB APPLICATIONS
Author:	OMAIMA N. A. AL-ALLAF
Abstract:	Many web development models had been proposed in the literature and there are few studies related to proposing models for developing large web applications. It is important to construct a model that lead to large web applications development with minimum likelihood of failure. A Hybrid web engineering process model for large web development enterprises has been proposed in this research. This model focuses on overall development process phases and consists of many activities: division of large web application into many small sub applications; division of large number of developers into many sub teams; identify a management team to control the development process; Stakeholders’ and customers’ inclusion and feedback during development process; requirement analysis and management; adopting the Spiral model by management team; adopting the Throwaway Prototype, XP agile method, Web Engineering process model by each sub team; conducting CMMI levels key process areas; conducting web engineering practices and SQA activities; and training developers on CMMI and web engineering practices. An evaluation of this model according to CMMI process areas has been conducted in this research. This evaluation has been carried out by many professional developers currently working in many large web-development Jordanian enterprises. The evaluation results shows that the Hybrid model highly satisfied each of CMMI level2 and CMMI level3, medium satisfaction of CMMI level4, and finally low satisfaction of CMMI level5.
Keywords:	Large Web Applications, Web Engineering, Web Engineering Process Model, Software Process Improvement (SPI), Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	AN EXPOSITION OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS TO ESTIMATE INTERFERENCE LEVEL IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS.
Author:	G.KALPANA, D.KUMAR
Abstract:	The performance of wireless networks is highly dependent on the amount of interference experienced by the wireless links. Wireless networks suffer much from interference due to simultaneous traffic flows due to the shared nature of the wireless medium. This worse feature of wireless networks necessitates the prudent modeling Of interference to be used in several design areas like channel assignment, routing etc. Wireless mesh networks are a type of adhoc networks with a static backhaul network.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of different parameters that could possibly contribute to model interference and use the same in the design of interference aware routing metric.
Keywords:	Inter Flow Interference, Intra Flow Interference, Logical Interference, Physical Interference, Self Interference,Wireless Mesh Networks.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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Title:	OAMS - A GAME BASED ONLINE FORMATIVE KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM USING CONCEPT MAP
Author:	KUMAR R, SARUKESI K, UMA G V
Abstract:	The modern age of education has started to change the dynamics of design of assessment systems in a big way. The e-learning and Mobile-learning setups have opportunities to introduce new solutions that can automatically understand user intent which are the need of the hour for 21st century learning environments. To add to this, a novel approach for formative knowledge assessment (FKA) has been proposed and developed. A novel Concept Map and Game Theory based Assessment System OAMS has been proposed. OAMS is short form of Online Assessment Management System and it has been tailored as a game based on Concept Map (CM) using a Modified Extensive Game Theory (MEGT). This system imposed demands such as definition of game notions, strategies for game, formative knowledge assessment system and feedback construction. This paper discusses the architecture of the OAMS and design of proposed games in detail. Two assessment tasks have been proposed; (i) Collapsed Concept Map Game (CCMG) and (ii) Concept Tree Game (CTG). An experiment has been conducted to test the CCMG approach. The experimental results show that the approach has been found useful for the learners as well as educators.
Keywords:	Knowledge Assessment, Concept Map, Game Theory, System Design
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology July 2013 -- Vol. 53. No. 1 -- 2013
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