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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
December 2020 | Vol. 98 No.23

Title:	USING PLAYABILITY HEURISTICS TO EVALUATE PLAYER EXPERIENCE IN EDUCATIONAL VIDEO GAMES
Author:	AMER IBRAHIM, MAHMOUD MAHFURI, NAHIL ABDALLAH, HAMZAH ALKHAZALEH, TAWFIK ZEKI
Abstract:	Educational video games (EVG) provide a rich platform to improve the Player Experience (PX), and constitute some of the main edutainment applications currently in the market. However, the evaluation of video games as educational tools is very difficult due to their dual nature (fun and education). In some cases, PX (as an usability measure) is a very important aspect of the EVGs and is a good measure of the level of fun and education presented to players. Educational Playability (playability in EVG) attributes are a suitable and effective tool to analyze and measure the experience obtained by a player during a game. To this end, it is necessary to evaluate the playability to determine the degree of improvement in PX. Playability evaluation through different methods is one of the major topics of PX in video games. In this paper, we present a new approach to evaluate the PX by using the educational playability.
Keywords:	Heuristics, Player Experience PX, Playability, Educational Video Game EVG.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	PREDICTING THE COVID-19 SPREAD, RECOVERIES AND MORTALITIES RATES IN SAUDI ARABIA USING ANN
Author:	MOHAMMED A. ALSUWAIKET
Abstract:	The worldwide pandemic of the COVID-19 has become the main national security issue for almost all nations. The advancement of accurate prediction models provides insights into the spread of this infectious disease. In fact, the high uncertainty and low size of data have caused some epidemiological models that show low accuracy for long-term prediction. Although the related works include many attempts to deal with this issue, the robustness abilities of current models need to be enhanced. In this paper, to achieve the main contribution, a prediction model using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) approach is developed based on the COVID-19 data from March 2, 2020 to August 5, 2020 to predict COVID-19 spread rate, recoveries rate, and mortalities rate in Saudi Arabia using Python programming language for the implementation stage and code has been developed to achieve the final results. The evaluation in this paper has conducted through calculating the values for Correlation Coefficient (CC), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Square Error (MSE). However, the results are promising by achieving low MAE with average value 0.05 and MSE with average value 0.02, and high Correlation Coefficient for all targets’ rates with average value 0.97. Paper further recommends that real novelty in spread prediction can be realized through using other machine learning models with different types of COVID-19 data.
Keywords:	COVID-19, Neural Networks, Artificial Intelligence, Coronavirus, Pandemic.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	FACE VERIFICATION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK WITH PARTIAL TRIPLET LOSS ON FACE WEARING GLASSES
Author:	MUHAMMAD IKHSAN , RADEN SUMIHARTO , WAHYONO
Abstract:	The role of face verification in the field of security and law enforcement has become an important part of daily life. However, the challenges involved in face verification still have an impact of inaccuracy on several factors that affect verification performance. One of them is the use of camouflage causing facial occlusion, such as wearing glasses. This research was conducted to find out the effect of wearing glasses on method performance. Therefore, CNN algorithm with siamese architecture is used to extract features from the face and propose to use the partial triplet loss function to partially minimize the optimization problem on the network. In experiment, our proposed approach achieves the lowest loss of 0.953 in training data, the highest accuracy of 68% for verification on face wearing glasses with partitioning and 73% accuracy for verification on face without wearing glasses with partitioning, both in verification data. These results are better than combination of CNN and transfer learning which only achieves 55%. Thus, it can be concluded that our proposed method could handle partial occlusion due to face wearing glasses.
Keywords:	Face Verification, Occlusion, Partial Image, Siamese, Triplet Loss
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	NEW WEIGHTING SYSTEM FOR E-READINESS INDICATORS BASED ON INDICATOR IMPORTANCE MEASUREMENT BY THE RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM
Author:	RABII LAMRIQ, ABDELAZIZ DOUKKALI, NAJIB BELKHAYAT
Abstract:	Weighting the indicators was always a difficult step in building the composite indicators. In the e-readiness assessment approaches, where there are several indicators of different categories, the weighting methods used are not effective enough to assess the importance and the real priority of the indicators. In this article, we have presented two contributions: the first consists in combining subjective weighting with objective weighting to build a complete and optimal weighting system. the second contribution aims to propose a new statistical method based on the random forest algorithm to measure the importance of indicators and calculate objective weighting. A case study on the Internet Inclusive Index of 2019 is illustrated to assess the effect of the new weighting system on the scores and ranking of 100 countries.
Keywords:	Combination Weighting, Objective Weighting, Subjective Weighting, E-Readiness, Variables Importance
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	STUDY OF BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS AMONG CHINESE AND SOUTH KOREAN M-COMMERCE CONSUMERS
Author:	MAHMOOD A. AWAN
Abstract:	The usage of mobile phones and Internet around the world has grown nowadays, this is causing a continuous increase in adoption of M-commerce. Users’ intention of M-commerce can be considered through theoretical and practical understanding of factors which are m-commerce ubiquity, habits and others related to cultures and demography. Firstly, the availability of mobile phones and internet can support using M-commerce of consumers. This research uses ubiquity as a multidimensional construct and measure it through Immediacy, Portability, Continuity, Search-ability across China and South Korea. Current study attempts to fill out the research gap by considering to consumer behaviors in using M-ecommerce across China and South Korea through evaluating some more key factors that drive M-commerce such as perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Our findings indicate both similarities and differences among consumers in different markets which are different in stages of M-commerce readiness. Regarding the developing country, China has different factors that impact M-commerce usage, are mostly assumptions about contextual characteristics, included technology readiness stage, customer characteristics and so on. For example, the effect of ubiquity on intention to use M-commerce is remarkably greater for customers in China compared with those who are in South Korea. Since in China, the technology is developing so that there are different types of accessibility in this country for Internet and usage of M-commerce. Basing on our result, we suggest some ideas for international marketing strategies. Our results reveal that depending on the stage of M-commerce readiness, users in China and South Korea assign greater importance to different factors. This implicated that a simple standardization strategy will not work well. In South Korea, we should focus on building habit by highlighting M-commerce benefits. M-retailers in China should be aware of the likelihood as how to use M-commerce rather than using it habitually.
Keywords:	Developed Versus Developing Markets, Mobile Commerce, Readiness, Ubiquity, China, South Korea
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	MODELLING OF PROCESS INFORMATION DISSEMINATION AND ITS IMPACT DYNAMICS TO MASS CONSCIOUSNESS
Author:	ANATOLII FEDOTOV, VLADIMIR BARAKНNIN, ASLANBEK MURZAKHMETOV, IGOR MILYUK
Abstract:	The paper deals the problem of modelling information dissemination in the community and its impact on the mass consciousness. At the same time, the quality of information in the paper implies such categories as innovation, idea and opinion. To study the dynamics of information dissemination in society has been proposed system with a dynamic modelling approach, which allows to take into account a number of significant factors influencing the processes of information dissemination in society and the impact of this information on the mass consciousness. The proposed model reflects such factors as the probability of interest, interpersonal contact, media exposure, the likelihood of communication on the topic of information, the probability of forgetting, the number of contacts, an indicator of mass character and regularity of the media promoting a certain idea. The proposed simulation system with a dynamic model allows simulating various scenarios for the development of information dissemination processes in a community, identifying relationships between factors influencing the dynamics of information effects on mass consciousness, and under given initial conditions its practical implementation possible in the Anylogic simulation package. This paper contains the results of the application of original descriptions of human behavior models and scenarios at various levels of communication. Comparisons with other this kind systems have shown the advantages of the approach proposed by the authors. As a result of the conducted experiments, dependencies were revealed between the rate of acceptance of information by new members of the community and the frequency of contacts of persons who already perceived the information. The results of the work can be used in sociological, biological, economic, and socio-psychological studies of mass communication to predict various scenarios and control mass consciousness, for example, the process of promoting goods and services in a competitive market environment.
Keywords:	Diffusion Of Innovations, Information Dissemination, Public Opinion, Mass Consciousness, Interpersonal Communication.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	BLOCKCHAIN FOR BANKING SYSTEMS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Author:	AREEJ AL SHORMAN, KHAIR EDDIN SABRI, MOHAMMAD A. M. ABUSHARIAH, MOHAMMAD QAIMARI
Abstract:	Blockchain is a promising technology for both academic studies and practical industrial applications. It enables decentralized public ledgers to hold immutable data securely and ensures that the data cannot be altered. Digital identities, social media, supply chain management, luxury goods, and financial assets are among the domains that have widely benefited from this technology. In the literature, we found only a few review papers that target the banking domain, instead of a complete overview of the blockchain-based financial sector. These reviews are limited in reports and articles. Accordingly, the main aim of this study is to present an overview of blockchain-based banking services and discuss the challenges of applying blockchain technologies in the banking domain to give a clear understanding to professionals and researchers in this domain.
Keywords:	Blockchain, Ethereum, Cryptocurrencies, Bank Services, Centralized System, Decentralized System
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	THE INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY DESIGN TO GUIDE THE BLIND PERSON TO NAVIGATE SAFELY
Author:	HUTHAIFA A. AL_ISSA, MOHAMMAD QAWAQZEH, SAJA ABU-ZAIDEH, SHAMSUL ANUAR SHAMSUDIN
Abstract:	It is very hard and dangerous for a visually impaired person to get out alone from home and to navigate around places without any help, he cannot go out without a companion who can count on him and trusting him. This led us to think deeply to solve this problem and make the life easier for blind and help them to move freely and go ahead like any ordinary people by using Internet of Things (IoT). This integrated technology tool will help the blind in their movement without any fear from colliding and fall through giving the blind person alerts when the sensors detect any danger reason like a wall or stairs. So disable society, and community empowerment is our ultimate goal.
Keywords:	Arduino, Gsm300, Speaker, LDR, Ultrasonic Sensor, Water Sensor, GPS.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	NEW EFFICIENT AND ROBUST NTRU POST-QUANTUM KEY EXCHANGE RELEASE NTRU-ROBUST
Author:	El HASSANE LAAJI, ABDELMALEK AZIZI
Abstract:	Since 2016, the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) launched a post-quantum standardization project. Now the competition reaches its third round, and NIST inviting the cryptographic community to participate by improving and analyzing the finalist candidates. On our side, we contribute by creating an improved release of NTRU Lattice-Based post-quantum key exchange (KEM) scheme, called “NTRUrobust”; with parameters set that meet the category 5 security level defined by the NIST. NTRUrobust used our own Fast Modular Multiplication algorithm (FMMA) and the Number Theoretic Transform algorithm (NTT) together for speeding-up the polynomials multiplication in the cryptographic process. We obtain drastic results; our release is faster by factor up to 93 times than NTRUphs821 release proposed by the NTRU team. NTRUrobust warrants strong security level, perfect correctness, and great flexibility for eventual future extensions.
Keywords:	Post Quantum cryptography, Modular Multiplication, NTRU, NTT, KEM.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	A REVIEW OF NAMED ENTITY RECOGNITION AND CLASSIFICATION ON UNSTRUCTURED MALAY DATA
Author:	ROSMAYATI MOHEMAD, NAZRATUL NAZIAH MOHD MUHAIT, NOOR MAIZURA MOHAMAD NOOR, ZULAIHA ALI OTHMAN
Abstract:	In recent years, due to the emergence of various social network platforms, a massive amount of data is continuously generated and shared. The majority of the data is unstructured, which contains information that might be crucial and valuable if analyzed. Effective use of these unstructured data is a tedious and labor-intensive task. Information extraction is one of the on-going research areas to extract potentially useful information out of voluminous data. Several different techniques and methods for information extraction have been proposed to understand the content and context of any available unstructured data at the low-level structure. However, there are limited studies conducted to investigate the challenges of Named Entity Recognition and Classification (NERC) on unstructured Malay data, which is known as one of the main subtasks in information extraction. Therefore, this paper addresses a comprehensive review of the existing NERC techniques for processing unstructured Malay data along with its limitations and challenges. The contributions of this paper are twofold. The primary contribution is it presents the overview of prior studies on NERC techniques of unstructured Malay data. Second, it scrutinizes the limitations and challenges of theses existing techniques due to the voluminous, dimensionality, and heterogeneity of unstructured Malay data. The findings show that most of the previous studies using a machine learning-based approach produce a satisfactory result rather than a rule-based approach. Furthermore, the challenges in terms of the different morphological of Malay language compared to resource-rich languages such as English, limitation of Malay corpus and annotated Malay text, and Malay text ambiguities could influence the performance of Malay NERC system efficiency, which should be carefully considered during the design of the systems.
Keywords:	Information Extraction, Malay Language, Named Entity Recognition and Classification, Unstructured Data
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	IMPROVING ARABIC QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM BY MERGING ANER TECHNIQUE, UPDATED QUESTION CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE AND STOP WORDS TECHNIQUE
Author:	BELAL ABUATA, IYAD ALAZZAM, FADI ALKHAZALEH
Abstract:	Question answering systems are basically of three types: open domain, closed domain and restricted domain. In this paper we build a question answering system that tries to take users' questions, and provide them the answer in Arabic language. The proposed system is called AMAU (Arabic question answering system by merging Aner technique, updated question classification technique and stop words technique). AMAU focuses on question processing and document processing. After building the AMAU system, it was evaluated based on precision, recall and f-measure by ANER QA and ANER data set. The AMAU system is also compared with Arabic NER system using precision, recall and f-measure. The evaluation results show a better performance by AMAU. AMAU produced an average precision of up to 80% compared to Arabic NER system that produced an average precision of up to 63%. The proposed system performed best when stemming and stop words were used and resulted in the highest values of Recall, Precision and F-measure compared to NER system.
Keywords:	Information retrieval, Question Answering, Hybrid Approach
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	PREDICTING EXTRUSION PROCESS PARAMETERS IN NIGERIA CABLE INDUSTRY FOR POLYETHYLENE CABLE INSULATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Author:	Dr. ADEMOLA ABDULKAREEM, AYOKUNLE ADESANYA, Dr. ADESINA LAMBE MUTALUB, Dr. AYOKUNLE AWELEWA
Abstract:	In order to obtain quality cable products in the thermoplastic extrusion process, it is important that during the polymer extrusion process, a melt that is homogenous in both temperature and composition is delivered. To achieve this, it is important to control, monitor, identify and select the important parameters during the extrusion process which directly impacts the product output. Some of these parameters include the melt pressure, temperature, line speed, screw speed, amongst others. In developing countries, however, these parameters are often selected on a trial and error basis which often leads to waste of material and the production of poor quality cables. This paper focuses on a technique which can be used to predict realistic extrusion process parameters for medium to high voltage cable insulations using artificial neural network. Real life datasets for the extrusion of Polyethylene (PE) thermoplastic were obtained and a three-layered feed-forward neural network as developed in the MATLAB environment. The neural network model developed can predict the manufacturing extrusion process parameters for different grades of PE thermoplastic which is used for medium to high voltage electrical cable insulation. A regression value of 0.99569 was obtained and a mean square error of 2.98052×〖10〗^(-6) was achieved.
Keywords:	Insulation Cables, Extrusion Process, Polyethylene, Cable Industries, ANN, Machine Learning
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	OVERVIEW OF CHAMELEON MECHANISM IN B-MAC PROTOCOL FOR WSN
Author:	ALAA K. Y.DAFHALLA, NADA.M.O SID AHMED, MOHAMED ELSHAIKH, HIBA.M.ISAM
Abstract:	Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is gaining the interest of researchers due to numerous applications. WSN consists of sensor nodes connected with wireless technology to form a network. The sensor devices powered by the battery and collect the data from the environment and send to a base station. In the wireless sensor network, the topology changes frequently due to sensor nodes. The aforementioned behavior emphasis the impact of the MAC protocol mechanism in the performances of WSN. In recent years, the analysis of WSN MAC protocols and their impact on the performances of the network with different network scenarios has significantly developed a precise understanding of the requirements and goals for designing a MAC protocol. In the literature, many MAC protocol mechanisms are proposed to deal with WSN requirements. Nonetheless, proposed MAC mechanisms in the literature considered a single network scenario in WSN. However, the sensor nodes face some problems like the failure, addition, energy depletion, and movement which leads to different scenarios. The adhered behavior of WSN nodes results in a need for a MAC mechanism that addresses the requirement of more than one network scenarios. This paper, proposes a chameleon mechanism for MAC protocol to tackle topology changes in WSN. The proposed mechanism defines the performances of a MAC protocol in different network scenarios as a single and multiple objectives optimization problems. Further, a simulation implementation of the two methods above are presented. The discrete event simulator OMNET++5 and the INET3.5 modules are used for the simulation purposes in this work for their advantages in simulating wireless sensor network protocols and networks. The obtained results show that chameleon mechanism B-MAC reduce the power consumption of WSN for hybrid scenario.
Keywords:	B-MAC, Differential Evolution Algorithm, Power Consumption, Taguchi Method, WSN
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	IMPROVED MOTH FLAME OPTIMIZATION BASED ON HARRIS HAWKS FOR GENESSELECTION
Author:	RUBA ABU KHURMA, IBRAHIM ALJARAH, AND AHMAD SHARIEH
Abstract:	Microarray technology is a major shift in the medical and diagnostic fields. Gene expression data are coded by a large number of genes and a limited number of patient’s samples. This causes a challenging problem for the gene selection (GS) methods to specify the most relevant and reliable genes for cancer diagnosis. Recently, meta-heuristic (MH) algorithms have made an evident contribution in handling the gene expression data. A great expansion has been achieved in developing robust and efficient cancer diagnostic systems. In this chapter, a hybrid MH-MH wrapper, called IMFOHHO is proposed for the GS problem. The proposed approach is based on hybridizing the Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithms and Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) to improve the exploration and the exploitation phases. The main purpose is to integrate the excellent features of both algorithms in one model and overcome their limitations when experienced in the gene search space. Combining two swarm systems in one model can achieve strong exploration for the gene space and ensure the diversity of solutions. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated using ten gene expression data sets. The comparative study demonstrates that the IMFOHHO model enhances the classification performance without increasing the computational complexity.
Keywords:	Genes selection (GS), Microarray, Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), Moth Flame Optimization (MFO), Classification.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	KEY DEPENDENT DYNAMIC S-BOXES BASED ON 3D CELLULAR AUTOMATA FOR BLOCK CIPHER
Author:	SHARIFAH MD YASIN, AYMAN MAJID HAMID, NUR IZURA UDZIR, 4SHERZOD TURAEV, MUHAMMAD REZAL KAMEL ARIFFIN
Abstract:	Substitution boxes (S-Boxes) are critical components of numerous block ciphers deployed for nonlinear transformation in the cipher process where the nonlinearity provides important protection against linear and differential cryptanalysis. Classical S-Boxes are represented by predefine fixed table structures which are either use for Data Encryption Standard (DES) or Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Based on cryptanalysis, it does not offer sufficient cipher protections. The S-boxes used in encryption process could be chosen to be key-dependent. For secure communication, we need a better design of S-boxes to be used for encryption and decryption. In this paper we proposed key dependent dynamic 3D cellular automata (CA) S-Boxes for block ciphers. Our work is based on the design of AES S-Boxes which are originally in 2D presentation. The conceptual framework of the 3D CA S-Boxes is to convert and apply the 3D CA rule to static AES S-Boxes. The methodology is to do conversion from the AES S-Boxes into 3D array of (8x8x4) S-boxes, and then applies the 3D CA Von Neumann rules to them. After a 3D array is obtained from the AES S-Box, the 3D CA is applied based on the round key. The 3D array S-Box are then converted back to the 2D array S-Box and finally it is improved to meet the requirements of good S-Boxes. The obtained S-Boxes is called key dependent dynamic 3D CA S-Boxes having interesting features with dynamic stretchy arrangement, which is functionally understood by CA. Our proposed 3D CA S-boxes are better in comparison with the AES S-Boxes with predefined fixed table structures. Experimental results shown that the proposed 3D CA S-Boxes have secure characteristics like nonlinearity, SAC, BIC and algebraic degree. The proposed S-Boxes can be implemented in any block cipher for secure communication.
Keywords:	Secure Communication, Block Cipher, Cellular Automata, Dynamic S-Boxes, Key Dependent
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	STATISTICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN EL-MLP AND EL-ANFIS, OPTIMIZED BY MEANS OF ANOVA, FOR THE PD CONTROL OF A MOBILE ROBOT
Author:	DANTE GIOVANNI STERPIN, JESUS DAVID MARTÍNEZ VELANDIA, FERNANDO MARTINEZ SANTA
Abstract:	In this paper, two types of controller for a mobile robot with the wall-following task are statistically compared. One of them is a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) while the other one is an Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Here, such controllers are named: EL-MLP and EL-ANFIS, because they were trained by means of an analytical method known as Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). They were structurally optimized with a statistical method known as Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and a t-Test between two populations with the best exemplars of each type of controller, demonstrates statistically that EL-ANFIS generalizes better than EL-MLP, due to its validation error mean, and variance, are significantly lower.
Keywords:	Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Hypothesis test between two populations (t-Test), PD Control.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	DETERMINANTS OF M-COMMERCE USAGE IN JORDANIAN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Author:	ALI M. AL-NAIMAT, MOHAMAD A. ALNUAIMI, AHMED MOHAMMED ABDULAAL, MOHAMMAD ZAYED ALMUIET
Abstract:	This research explores the crucial usage determinants of mobile commerce in Jordan's tourism and hospitality industry. A thorough analysis of the related literature helps to develop a conceptual framework for better understanding the use of m-commerce in the hospitality sector. On the data obtained from 168 Jordanian hospitality SMEs. Smart-PLS as an approach of structural equation modeling was used to validate research framework. The research demonstrated that the critical determinants of m-commerce usage are perceived ease to use, perceived usefulness, system quality, and service quality. This research helps to better understand m-commerce use in developing countries, particularly in Jordan. Through offering evidence-based approaches and policies it will encourage the growing of m-commerce in the hospitality field.
Keywords:	M-commerce, Determinants Factors, Hospitality, SMEs, Jordan
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	USING AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGY FOR VISUALIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL PHYSICAL EXPERIMENTS
Author:	YEVGENIYA DAINEKO, MADINA IPALAKOVA, AIGERIM SEITNUR, DANA TSOY, NURZHAN DUZBAYEV, ZHANSAYA BEKAULOVA
Abstract:	Augmented reality is a promising tool, which opens great opportunities for visualization. In the article a brief description of the augmented reality technology and an overview of some aspects of its application are given. The possibilities of using the augmented reality technology in teaching physics are described. An example of a developed application with the elements of augmented reality to study the phenomena of optics is presented. A free implementation of the library NyARToolkit and Unity 3D game engine were used for the project development. The results of the survey, test and interview conducted among the students before and after using the application clearly demonstrate its positive influence on the education process. It is shown that the developed application with augmented reality technology is effective and practically useful as an educational tool, especially in studying natural sciences.
Keywords:	Augmented Reality, Education, Physical Experiments, NyARToolkit, Unity 3D
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS AND CLASSIFICATION OF TEXURES
Author:	G.TAUBAYEV, A.L.BYCHKOV, F.A.MURZIN, 3N.E.RUSSKIKH, E.I.RYABCHIKOVA, S.S.KHAIRULIN, G.B.ABDIKERIMOVA
Abstract:	The aim of the research is to develop algorithms for analyzing images obtained from various sources. The paper analyzes images of the ultrastructure of plant cell walls, obtained by transmission electron microscopy of plant raw materials, after various physicochemical and/or mechanochemical processing. The main focus is on the development of classification methods based on machine learning models. There were used learning traditional classifiers and learning deep convolution neural networks. The question of the applicability of methods for learning neural networks with many hidden layers, united under one term "deep learning" is investigated. The optimal parameters of the classifiers were selected automatically using the GridSearch function of the Sklearn software package. The work was carried out for the Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 16-13-10200).
Keywords:	Textural Images, Texture Features, Electronic Microscopy, Deep Learning, Random Forest
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	ANALYSIS OF AD-HOC NETWORK ROUTING METRICS EFFICIENCY
Author:	TIGUIANE YÉLÉMOU, BOUREIMA ZERBO, MESMIN TOUNDÉ DANDJINOU, DODA AFOUSSATOU ROLLANDE SANOU
Abstract:	In the current context of ubiquitous computing, the contribution of ad hoc networks is strongly awaited. To enable these networks to play their full role, research is being actively carried on improving their Quality of Service (QoS). We focus on an improvement that considers link quality in route choice. In this paper, we analyze effectiveness of usual metrics and QoS methods used to improve routing in ad hoc network when considering the erroneous nature of radio links. We are particularly interested in costs of estimating the quality of the links, accuracy of measured value, relevance of the metric contribution in the choice of better paths. We carry out a detailed study on the metrics Hop count, Expected Transmission Count (ETX), Bit Error Rate (BER), number of Packet Retransmissions (PR), Delay and their derivatives. To test the efficiency of these metrics and compare their efficacy, we have implemented them into the well-known Optimized Link State Routing protocol. Realistic simulation results show that number of retransmissions-based metric outperforms traditional metrics based on delay, BER or Expected Transmission Count.
Keywords:	Wireless Networks, Routing Metrics, Number Of Retransmissions-Based Metric, Qos Routing Protocols Efficiency, Olsr Protocol
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	A REVIEW ON USING BLOCKCHAIN IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Author:	SHURUG ALSAEDY, SHOUQ ALRADDADI, ALI OWAIS
Abstract:	Wireless Sensor Networks are important parts of Internet of Things, which are used to collect information from speciﬁc areas. A WSN is a self-organizing network built by a large number of cheap, limited energy, weak computing and low storage capacity sensor nodes. The blockchain technology is utilized to solve the limitations of sensor nodes and enhances the performance of WSNs. This paper reviews the most recent proposed approaches of employing blockchain in WSNs and their research outcomes. Most of the previous studies focus on improving the security, reliability, data storage, and node recovery and energy efficiency of WSNs. This is the first paper that highlights this subject and discusses all the related works. This review can be used as a basis for researchers who are interested in employing blockchain technology in WSNs.
Keywords:	Wireless Sensor Networks; Blockchain; Internet of Things; Security; Reliability; Energy Efficiency
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	SIGNATURE RECOGNITION BASED ON SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR MULTI-REGION OF INTEREST
Author:	MAHMOUD Y. SHAMS, OMAR. M. ELZEKI, MOHAMED E. ELARABY, NOHA A. HIKAL
Abstract:	Human Signatures are still used in banks, organizations, and in many other security issues. Currently, the need not to touch any physical components, minerals, or devices has become a very important necessity, especially in the spread of viruses that are transmitted and largely preserved in minerals. This paper presents a new algorithm to identify and verify humans based on the enrolled signatures. Some features may influence the shape, rotation, and structure of the digital signature. All these features should be taken into consideration as it may be varied randomly every time each person enrolled the signature to the system. In this paper, we took three important Region of Interest (RoI) named as Multi-Region of Interest (MRoI) by which most common features of the entered signatures are taken into consideration. The MRoI are equal splitted region that are convoluted to produce one template applied to support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Every RoI of the signature are then applied to local binary pattern (LBP) feature extractor, then it convoluted to one template pattern to be classified using SVM. Furthermore, Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) is presented for both feature extraction and classification stages to boost the results obtained for MRoI using SVM. We present fully connected layer of DCNN for 128 person, Further, we implement the proposed architecture using dropout softmax based on SVM. The proposed system is designed to handle both Arabic and English handwritten signatures collected from 128 individuals and the accuracy achieved is 95%.
Keywords:	Signature Recognition, Deep Learning, Deep Convolutional Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, Region Of Interest, Dropout, Softmax.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	SECURITY CHALLENGES IN 6LOWPAN PROTOCOL FOR INTERNET OF THINGS: A REVIEW
Author:	MARINA MAZNI MAZLAN, NURUL AZMA ZAKARIA, ZAHEERA ZAINAL ABIDIN
Abstract:	Internet of Things (IoT), is one of the Internet technology that has undergone rapid evolution over the past numerous years. The IoT connects various ranges of devices such as actuators, sensors and processes, which can assist in connecting several applications through the Internet. 6LowPAN plays an important role in the IoT world where the network type has its unique characteristics and applications. 6LoWPAN is an open standard protocol for IPv6 in wireless network.6LoWPAN is said to be the “mini” version of IPv6, which enables IP-based connection between smart objects and devices. However, the 6LoWPAN protocol is easily to be attacked due to its issues when trying to integrate into the Internet and the limitations shown by the LoWPAN itself. In order to overcome this issue, therefore a review study has been conducted to understand the 6LoWPAN packet formatting, methods to secure it, available tools or frameworks and challenges for IoT since it has been widely used in the wireless networks. It is expected from the review study that several approach or methods focusing on 6LoWPAN network security. Based on the review process conducted, we found out that main security challenges in 6LoWPAN network are still not yet to be tackled and have a better solution despite of its new achievement in researches.
Keywords:	Internet of Things, 6LoWPAN, Security, IoT Security, Systematic Literature Review
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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Title:	IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION SECURITY DEVICES IN EQUILIBRIUM CODES
Author:	I. E. LYUBUSHKINA, E. M. ZVEREV, A. V. SHARAMOK
Abstract:	This article discusses the issue of data leakage via side channels in terms of development of radio masking. Formation of optimum masking for digital data processing devices has been substantiated on the basis of available results of electronic warfare theory. It is shown that the optimal masking interference will be formed when processing information in the inverse representation. Two methods of implementation of data processing devices in equilibrium codes have been considered. The first method in addition to leakage via side channels proposes duplication of data processing, which improves the reliability of data processing. The second method provides less opportunities to control the reliability of data processing but is more suitable for requirements of optimum deception. In order to substantiate the possibility of practical use of the proposed method, a mathematical model of computations in the inverse representation for Magma cryptographic algorithm has been developed. As further studies, it is planned to conduct experimental studies on the effectiveness of countering known types of attacks through side channels. Application of the considered methods is possible for development of trusted devices of cryptographic data protection with a high level of security. The approach to the problem of data protection against leakages through side channels considered in the study, the theoretical substantiation of the optimal masking interference and the developed mathematical model of the Magma cryptographic algorithm have been proposed by the authors for the first time.
Keywords:	Side Channels, Encryption Devices, Model of Computation, Magma Algorithm, Electronic Masking.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th December 2020 -- Vol. 98. No. 23 -- 2020
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