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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
February 2019 | Vol. 97 No.03

Title:	A NOVEL TWO-DIMENSIONAL SPECTRAL/SPATIAL HYBRID CODE FOR OPTICAL CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEM
Author:	RIMA. MATEM, S. A. ALJUNID, M. N JUNITA, C. B. M RASHIDI, ISRAA. SHIHAB AHMED
Abstract:	A newly two-dimensional hybrid code based on Zero Cross Correlation (ZCC) and Multi Diagonal (MD) codes (2D ZCC/MD) has been proposed for incoherent spectral/ spatial OCDMA system in this paper in order to supress MAI and mitigate PIIN. The 2D ZCC/MD keep the zero cross correlation property since the both of Zero Cross Correlation (ZCC) and Multi Diagonal (MD) codes have zero cross correlation property. Using the direct detection technique the proposed code is analysed where the performance of 2D ZCC/MD code is compared with existing 2D FCC/MDW and 2D DPDC. The analytical results prove that at low BER and high data 2D ZCC/MD can support more simultaneous user.
Keywords:	Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA), Multiple Access Interference (MAI), Zero Cross-Correlation Code (ZCC), Multi-Diagonal code (MD), Phase Induced Intensity Noise.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	EVALUATION OF E-KELURAHAN INFORMATION SYSTEMS AT SUBDISTRICT OF PANCORAN MAS DEPOK USING TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL
Author:	YENNY FRANSISCA LAMPOUW , AHMAD NURUL FAJAR
Abstract:	In an effort to improve the quality of public services, the Government Issues Minister Regulation No. 24 Year 2006 on Guidelines for the Implementation of Integrated Services One Stop. As well as through the Minister of Home Affairs No. 4 of 2010 launched a program called the Integrated Administrative Service Sub-District or abbreviated PATEN. Utilization Implementation of System E - Kelurahan on integrated sub-district administrative services are expected to boost the performance to support the implementation of good governance, it is necessary for adaptation by the user and the environment in order to obtain optimal results. Methods TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) is used to determine how much influence the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness in the implementation process System E-Kelurahan Pancoran Mas Depok sub-district.
Keywords:	Integrated services, Good governance, Technology acceptance models
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	HAND GESTURES RECOGNITION WITH IMPROVED SKIN COLOR SEGMENTATION IN HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION APPLICATIONS
Author:	ROMI FADILLAH RAHMAT , TENGKU CHAIRUNNISA1, DANI GUNAWAN , MUHAMMAD FERMI PASHA , RAHMAT BUDIARTO
Abstract:	Hand gesture has significant roles in human’s interaction and the hand gesture recognition itself nowadays becomes an active research area in human-computer interaction. Previous researches on hand gesture recognition used various techniques and tools such as Kinect and data glove. Hand gesture recognition area has many challenges, such as variation of illumination conditions, rotation problem, background problem, scale problem, and classification or translation problem. This research uses computer vision techniques to recognize hand gesture in human-computer interaction to control various apps, such as slideshow presentation, music player, video player, and PDF reader app for people with bare hand and in complex background of the image via web camera. Thus, a method is required to cope with background and skin detection problem. The proposed method combines two color spaces into HS-CbCr format for skin detection and uses averaging background for solving the background problem. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to recognize hand gesture and reach up to 96.87% of correct results in good lighting condition. The accuracy of hand gesture recognition is influenced by lighting condition. The lower changing illumination on video occurs, the higher accuracy of hand gesture recognition is generated
Keywords:	Hand Gesture Recognition, Human Computer Interaction, Skin Detection, Average Background, Convexity Defects
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	A PROPOSED METHOD OF SELECTING PAIRS OF SIFT POINTS
Author:	MOHAMMED I. ABD-ALMAJIED , LOAY E. GEORGE , KAMAL M. ABOOD
Abstract:	Pattern matching between two scenes is an important part in image or pattern recognition and registration. It based on finding the best match between two scenes using some selected control points. Image of Solar Planets are somehow difficult in defining distinctive features for matching especially when compared with Earth’s image (ex. Contrast, resolution). Geometrical transformation (scaling and rotation) may affect the registration due to improper selection of correct control points. The degree of distortion due to geometrical transform may affect numbers and accuracy of match. In this article, a new auto-selection method for the reference points is established. First, the scale compensation, a new procedure has evaluated for the range of scaling factor (0.5-1.5). Also, the method was established when there is a rotation effects associated with the scaling one. It was evaluated for rotation range (1o-90o) with the same range of scaling. Second, new matching method for finding the best match between the selected list of control was introduced. This method depends on the distance and angle between corresponding points. This method tested on satellite image of Mars. A computer simulation was build using Matlab Language. The results showed a good performance.
Keywords:	Sift Points, Pattern Matching, Rotation Assessment, Control Points List, Scale Assessment.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Author:	HASAN AWNI SHAKIR, RAVIE CHANDREN MUNIYANDI, ZULKARNAIN MD. ALI
Abstract:	The composition of a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is made without any fixed infrastructure. This is presently one of the most attractive researches with regards to wireless communication. MANET is a distributed mobile nodes autonomous collection which has every node working in the form of a source and a sink that is capable of relaying packets for other nodes. Dynamic network topology and the nature of the distributed network, together with multi-hop communication, limited bandwidth, and limited energy constraints are all major features of a MANET. Taking the limitations of the nodes’ battery into consideration, the nodes’ energy and the network’s lifetime are crucial problems that confront MANETs. Thus, providing communication requires that an effective routing technology allows node to establish communication in real time. Such routing technique must have the ability of minimizing the energy costs and computation overload on mobile host and traffic overhead on network. MANET energy is reviewed in this paper.
Keywords:	MANET, Routing Protocol, Energy Consumption, Wireless Communication
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	AN EFFICIENT APPROACH OF EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES BASED ON CDMA
Author:	KHATTAB M. ALI ALHEETI, ABDULLAH MOHAMMED AWAD , MUZHIR SHABAN AL-ANI
Abstract:	There are large amounts of cars passing through the streets every day and this increases significantly in the morning or evening rush hours. The automotive industry has evolved greatly and many technologies have been introduced to automate many of its functions. The emergence of driverless vehicles has led to a boom in the world of automotive technology, because of its importance in creating a new environment and new concepts aimed at human conformability and increased productivity. Many solutions have been appeared to offer suitable self-driving vehicles environment that is capable to overcome the arising problems. When the self-driving vehicles are well equipped, the only remaining goal is how to control external communications with other vehicles, with updates that can appear in the road and with main center. This paper proposed code division multiple access as a communication technology to overcome the problems may appeared in time division multiple access. The synergy efforts in both industry and research centers giving powerful push to the intelligent transporting system. The proposed system of robot cars is implemented through high way environment scenario. The communication system is implemented via code division multiple access (CDMA) to realize high security, high quality of services, robustness and high capacity.
Keywords:	V2V, Vehicular Networks, Self-Driving Vehicles, Multiple Access.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	A HYBRID METHOD FOR EXUDATES DETECTION USING CHAIN PROCESSING BY WATERSHED SEGMENTATION AND K-MEANS CLUSTERING
Author:	MOKHLED S. ALTARAWNEH
Abstract:	The Exudates detection is an important task in diabetic retinopathy screening. Chain processing method (CPM) for exudates segmentation and detection has been designed for this purpose. CPM proposed new pre-processing approach, which perform not only enhancement task, but also detect and crop object region of interest in the image, which is the main contribution of this work. In post processing stage, a double segmentation and clustering based on chaining watershed and K-means clustering is proposed. The importance of the study lies in the use of clustering segmentation based on chain processing. The method has been validated on DIARETDB1 database; it is compared to 4 ground truths expert's of database evaluation protocols. Following the database evaluation protocol under statistical measurement factors to evaluate overall performance, it is found that the sensitivity specificity, predictive value, and accuracy of 96.12%, 99.76%, 92.64% and 99.69% respectively.
Keywords:	Exudates detection, Watershed, K-means clustering, Segmentation.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	ORGANIZATIONAL GREEN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) ADOPTION THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Author:	ABUBAKAR ATIKU MUSLIM, ALEX TZE HIANG SIM, JEE MEI HEE
Abstract:	Although, organisational Green Information Technology (Green IT) adoptions have been on the increase, yet many organisations face difficulty in identifying and adopting relevant Green IT strategy. Green IT adoption studies at the organisational level are primarily based on theoretical frameworks. However, these underlying theories are understudied. This paper review 103 published research articles from leading information systems’ literature sources on organisational Green IT adoption from 2007 – 2018 to guide future research. The review focuses on the theoretical frameworks used in organisational Green IT adoption studies and provides analysis by purpose, by country, by year of publication and the frequency of use with insights and recommendations for future research.
Keywords:	Green Information Technology (It), Green Information Systems (Is), Sustainable It, Adoption, Is Theory
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	A SOCIOMATERIALITY PERSPECTIVE ON INFORMATION SECURITY MANGEMENT IN ICT OUTSOURCING ENVIRONMENT
Author:	KYUNG JIN CHA, HWA JONG KIM
Abstract:	Large scale ICT outsourcing allows enterprises to reduce ICT costs and procure their competitive advantage as it enables them to focus on core competences. Nonetheless, despite a recent outbreak of ICT adoption among companies; there is serious outsourcing-related concern in regards to data security, such as personal information leakages during IT outsourcing projects. Extant information security studies provide different frameworks to solve these security matters in outsourcing environment by stressing the need for application of information security vulnerability and willingness to comply with security systems analyses. However, several concerns arise as proposed measures only consider internal environment without considering partner or sub-supplier’s internal culture. Furthermore, in most cases research is limited to discussing network control and systems supplements using the perspective of technical issues only. Subsequently there is no consideration for the nature of ICT outsourcing security environment which varies depending on size of an organization and complexity of outsourcing stages. Thus this conceptual study proposes new theoretical framework for information security management that concerns characteristics of ICT outsourcing, considers perspective of sociomateriality and aims at strengthening security capabilities in accordance with outsourcing types and organization’s characteristics.
Keywords:	Management, Security, Human Factors, Theory
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	MULTI-GROUP ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING USER’S COMMITMENT IN MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORK GAMES
Author:	SAE BOM LEE, SEOKHUN KIM
Abstract:	Social Network Game genre is a game in which people connect to each other by utilizing a mobile platform, and interact with each other while enjoying related contents. It has now become a popular game. The purpose of this study is to find significant factors that have effects on the commitment of M-SNGs. We also conduct multi-group comparison test to study the difference in factors of models between 2012 and 2016. We use structural equation model analysis with SmartPLS 3.0 and compare models of different times. This study is to give academicians and practitioners insight about its effects and implications. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups only in the relationship between competition-commitment and social interaction-commitment. This study is to give academicians and practitioners insight about its effects and implications.
Keywords:	Mobile Social Network Game, Commitment, Social Factors, Social-Game Factors, Game Factors
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	HUMAN EAR RECOGNITION USING SURF-PSO TECHNIQUE
Author:	AHMED ALI AHMED AL-DULAIMI, JAMAL MUSTAFA ABBAS AL-TUWAIJARI, ZIYAD TARIQ MUSTAFA AL-TA I
Abstract:	Human ears have shown significant robustness and distinctiveness in human biometric applications. Thus, many techniques have been proposed to recognize humans, based on the shape of their ears. In this research, Speeded-Up Robust Feature (SURF) technique is employed in an ear recognition method, which measures the similarity between the input ear image and the ear images of known individuals in a database. The performance of this method is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO), which is used to reduce the size of the descriptors generated by the SURF method, before used in similarity measurements. Any descriptor value that has negative or no influence on the similarity measurements is removed. The approach (SURF-PSO) has been able to improve the performance of the SURF method, by increasing the recognition accuracy and reducing the time required of measuring the similarities. The evaluation results using three datasets, show that the recognition accuracy of the SURF-based method is improved by 2.41%, while the average time per each similarity measurement has been reduced by 43.72%. The performance of the optimized method is compared to the performance of ear recognition using Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques, which are designed and implemented. Although the use of CNN has shown better performance, the classification approach is difficult to implement in real-life applications, according to the need to retrain the classifier upon any modification to the database of the known individuals, and also the topology of the classifying neural network is relevant to the number of individuals that it can recognize. However, the proposed method has shown better performance than the other techniques in the literature that are used for the same applications. where the performance optimization has reduced the gap between the SURF-PSO method and the CNN classification method , where the gap between CNN method and SURF method is 6% and decreased to 3.59% between CNN method and SURF-PSO .
Keywords:	Ear Recognition, Cnn, Ffnn, Surf, Pso .
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	AN APPROACH BASED ON HETEROGENEOUS MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM FOR STOCK MARKET SPECULATION
Author:	YOUNES CHIHAB , ZINEB BOUSBAA, HANA JAMALI, OMAR BENCHAREF
Abstract:	Foreign Exchange market (FOREX) is the global and most liquid market interested in buying, selling and exchanging currencies. The price of these currencies changes rapidly. However, we need to have a good trading strategy to take advantage of these variations. As Forex is a dynamic market, it becomes more difficult to control trading behavior and it becomes very complex to predict the events that can occur. Due to the chaotic, noisy, and non-stationary nature of the data, many algorithmic approaches were adopted in the aim to help traders and make FOREX speculation successful. Algorithmic trading offers the ability to have a strategy in advance. It helps traders to take the final decision. When the decision is so wide and complex, that one algorithm cannot possess all rules to take it. It becomes necessary to call upon several agents, who must work together in pursuing a common objective. These agents co-operate with one another to solve these decision problems. Coordinating between agents in a multi-agent system gives more flexibility and performance to problem solving. Each agent simultaneous results are combined by using a super-agent who helps to make the final decision. In our paper, we propose a theoretical Multi Agent System for stock market Speculation. We use four agents working in one system. The first one is a Metaheuristic Algorithm agent, the second one is based on technical indicators, the third one is a Text Mining agent, and the fourth one is a Fundamental Factor agent. The final decision should be made based on the combination of the four agents results. We think that working with Metaheuristics can improve speculation results compared to the use of classical algorithms. In perspective work, we test our system on a multi-agent systems platform.
Keywords:	Stock Market, Speculation, Text Mining, Smart Agent, Technical Indicators, Fundamental Factor, Metaheuristic, Particle Swarm Optimization, Multi Agent System.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	DATA ANALYSIS IN SOFTWARE EFFORT ESTIMATION USING IMPROVED DELPHI METHOD
Author:	ASHISH RAI,, G. P. GUPTA, PANKAJ KUMAR
Abstract:	Software Estimation Accuracy is one of the most difficult tasks for the software developers. Defining the project duration, effort estimation and estimated cost, early in the development phase is greatest challenge has to be achieved for software projects. Inaccurate effort estimation of software development is one of the most important reasons of computer and IT major project failures. Low effort estimates may lead to project management problems, delayed deliveries, budget overruns and poor software quality, too high effort estimates may lead to loss of business opportunities and improper and inefficient use of resources. The projects main focus at Simulate Research Laboratory is to improve judgment-based effort estimation methods, which is most frequently used by the software industries. By introducing better mental steps in effort estimation, we can achieve significant improvement in software development estimation processes. There are great challenge while studying expert judgment like Delphi Estimation. To understand the use of multidisciplinary competencies, especially financial resources enables studies in realistic software development process, psychology and software engineering. This paper explores the relationship between development effort, team size and software size. The main objective of this research is to improve the existing Delphi method for the estimation of software development effort using hybrid approach. Proposed, improved method has been validated by using 15 NASA project dataset and the results show that the improved Delphi method for software effort estimation resulted in slightly better as compared to results obtained earlier.
Keywords:	Effort Estimation, Productivity, Algorithmic Model, Variance, MMRE, Pred.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	A NEW ALGORITHM WITH DIFFERENT MODULATION INDEX (MI) IN CASCADED H-BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTERS (CHB MLIS)
Author:	ROSLI OMAR , MOHAMMED RASHEED , NIZAM MIES, MARIZAN SULAIMAN , WAHIDAH ABD HALIM , KRISMADINATA KRISMADINATA
Abstract:	The output waveforms of the multilevel inverters must be maintained smooth and not highly contents of the harmonics.Due to that the research of the multilevel inverters is still relevant to explore. For maintaining sinusoidal of the output waveforms of the multilevel inverters the design of an appropriate controller is crucial, hence the best controllers must be chosen. The suitable and its performance of the controllers will determine whether the output waveforms of the multilevel inverters can reduce the harmonics contains or not. This research aimed to investigate the performance of the Firefly Algorithm (FFA) which is applied to the modified cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverters (MCHBMLIs) for five levels for harmonics reduction of the MCHBMLIs output waveforms especially for the currents and the voltages with different modulation index (MI). FFA is considered as an easy way which is aims to compute of the switching angle to be optimized for harmonics reduction in the proposed inverters.The concept is based on the Selective Harmonics Elimination (SHE) and the FFA is capable to reduce the lower order harmonics in the output voltages and currents of the waveforms. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm a simulation model has been built up. The parametric model of the simulation to be a benchmark to build up a prototype. Finally the experimental results are a good agreement with the simulation results.
Keywords:	Firefly Algorithm (FFA), harmonics, SHE, modulation index(MI).
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	MERGE BETWEEN CYCLIC PREFIX AND TRAINING SEQUENCE FOR CFO ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES ON OFDM SYSTEMS
Author:	GHASSAN MUSLIM HASSAN , KHAIRUL AZMI ABU BAKAR, MOHD ROSMADI MOKHTAR
Abstract:	Synchronization is the essential process between the transmitter and the receiver of wireless communication system, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Two essential factors, namely, carrier frequency offset (CFO) and symbol timing offset (STO) are related to synchronization. Each factor has several methods for solving the problems from synchronization in the time and the frequency domain. In this study, the work is performed in the time domain that handles CFO effect. It uses two techniques, namely, a training sequence and a cyclic prefix. Each technique hasadvantages and disadvantages. The proposed method uses a hybrid of these two techniques for CFO estimation. Simulation results corroborate that the proposed method has the combined benefits of both methods. The signal-to-noise ratio is used as the indicator. It plays substantial role with respect to bit error rate by transitioning from one technique to another as shown in the research results. MATLAB is used to set all simulation results.
Keywords:	OFDM, carrier frequency offset, Training Sequence, cyclic prefix.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	AN UNDERSTANDING RICE HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK
Author:	PURWADI, NANNA SURYANA, NOR AZMAN ABU
Abstract:	The staple food for the Indonesian people is rice because in rice it contains a large number of calories for the intake of more than 200 million people. Hyperspectral is the sensors that can be used in a variety of applications, one of which is for rice monitoring. Hyperspectral is a sensor that is very well used to support precision agriculture because the information obtained is more detailed. One method of monitoring rice is to use a classification method. Many classification methods were carried out in previous hyperspectral studies such as unsupervised, supervised, statistical-based and so forth. Some methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, hyperspectral imagery has a large number of bands, requires sophisticated analytical methods to analyze it and requires a long process to extract priority information so as not to burden computing. In this paper discusses the state-of-the-art framework and step by step regarding the classification methods commonly used to rice monitoring. From the results of the review, it was found that the RBFN classification technique has the best accuracy compared to other classification techniques.
Keywords:	Rice Monitoring, Classification, Hyperspectral, Remote Sensing, Framework
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT IN VARIOUS INDUSTRY DOMAINS
Author:	MOCHAMMAD ZULIANSYAH, MOHAMMAD ISHAK DESA, SABRINA BINTI AHMAD
Abstract:	Industry’s needs for Enterprise Architecture (EA) support are increasing in line with the increasing development of EA in various industries globally. The level of business competition and the growing economic and technological developments have forced decision-makers to make critical decisions quickly yet effective for gaining enterprise’s competitive advantage. It is argued, from information technology supports point of view, that in the current competitive business environment, the role of EA becomes crucial as the enabler to the decision makers. This study examines previous works specifically on EA development in various industry domains with the systematic literature review (SLR). An SLR search has resulted in 63 related journal articles published from 2013 to 2018. A content analysis of articles was carried out taking into account parameters such as publication year, a focused element of EA, and industry domain in which the EA element was implemented. The study concluded that e-government, healthcare, smart city, and software development are the industry domains where EA was mostly implemented. The study also found that the EA model is the element of EA most frequently discussed and implemented in almost all industry domains.
Keywords:	Enterprise Architecture, Systematic Literature Review, Enterprise Architecture Model, Business Competitive Advantage, Enterprise Architecture Development.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	SOFTWARE QUALITY MEASUREMENT IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROJECT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Author:	A.J. SUALI, S.S.M.FAUZI, M.H.N.M. NASIR, W.A.W.M. SOBRI, I.K. RAHARJANA
Abstract:	The quality of software satisfies when the requirements are fulfilled. The quality of software need to be measured to indicate the degree of satisfaction of the software to the users. There are several kinds of literature on software quality metrics have been published. However, very little research has been conducted to synthesise the measurement of software quality. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the measurement of software quality in software engineering projects published in the literatures. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was used to conduct the study. Systematic review in distinct stages was used such as the development of review protocol, search and keywords criteria, screening, development of inclusion and exclusion criteria, search for relevant studies, data extraction and synthesis. This study could give significant figures to measure software quality using different types of measurement such line of code (LOC), quality attribute, design pattern, the number of failure, fault, software trustworthiness, functional size, defect, and criteria software quality.
Keywords:	Software Quality, Systematic Literature Review, Measurement Type, Software Engineering, Software Quality Metrics
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	SIMPLEX ALGORITHM BY MIXED ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING FOR OPTIMIZATION OF BATIK MADURA PRODUCTION
Author:	ERWIN PRASETYOWATI, BADAR SAID, SHOLEH RACHMATULLAH
Abstract:	Each production activity will generate financing and have limitations on every resource needed in the production. Limitations of production resources other than due to capital, the ability of labor and machinery, the production time available in fact give an influence on the planned production capacity. Therefore this study provides an overview of how production financing combined with production limitations can significantly affect the number of units produced. The merging process is explained with an example that the application uses Batik Madura, which is one of the original culture-based products from Indonesia. Based on these problems, this research is focused on identifying all the resources involved that affect production capacity. To clarify the scope of the object under study, this study focuses on calculating the financing and production capacity of Batik Madura based on the number of coloring. The purpose of determining production capacity is to increase the profits of Batik products, set as an objective function and based on the advantages of each type of Batik. While the constraint factors that limit the amount of production that is determined include, the use of the amount of material, the time required in each activity such as membatik, coloring, nglorod, and finishing, the number of employee salaries and minimum production targets, which then becomes a limiting function in this study. The next most important part is formulating the problem in a mathematical model or linear equation. The test results with the simplex algorithm show that the optimum solution has been obtained, and the change coefficient of the objective function and the limiting function are also obtained through sensitivity analysis. Thus, this system is able to answer the needs of batik producers or craftsmen for a system that is used as a guideline to determine production capacity.
Keywords:	Production Capacity, Optimation, Activity-Based Costing, Linear Equation, Sensitivity Analysis.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	OUTPUT TRACKING BY STATE FEEDBACK FOR HIGH-ORDER NONLINEAR SYSTEMS WITH TIME-DELAY
Author:	KEYLAN ALIMHAN, NAOHISA OTSUKA, MAKSAT KALIMOLDAYEV, NURBOLAT TASBOLATULY
Abstract:	This paper addresses the problem of global practical output tracking for a class of high-order time-delay uncertain non-linear systems via state feedback. On the basis of the homogeneous domination technique, under mild conditions on the system nonlinearities involving time delay, we construct a homogeneous state feedback controller with an adjustable scaling gain. With the aid of a homogeneous Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, the scaling gain is adjusted to dominate the time-delay nonlinearities bounded by homogeneous growth conditions and make the tracking error arbitrarily small while all the states of the closed-loop system remain to be bounded. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the tracking controller.
Keywords:	Output Tracking, Time-Delay Nonlinear Systems, State Feedback, Homogeneous Domination Technique
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OF BACK PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK FOR IDENTIFICATION RANGE OF MOTION USING BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION AND FEATURE EXTRACTION
Author:	FAUZIAH, EP WIBOWO, HUSTINAWATY, S. MADENDA
Abstract:	The current image processing is used to identify, classification of other process related to the two, can represent the characteristics of creature image optimal for the analysis by algorithm that enable large computing power for it also a combination of computational processing in the image and related computer algorithm or methods used. The human being is the field done by adapting the ability of the method to take information. In the research to get an analysis and performance of hybrid method with Artificial Neural Network for identification of motion the human array the Range of Motion (ROM) in Coronal Plane, the extract is done by background method on binary image. Identification human movement, in each frame extraction results then performed image processing to detect type of the human body motion. Image segmentation is done using background subtraction method to get result into binary image with morphological operation against binary image in the form filling holes and opening area to eliminated noise and improve the result of segmentation, skeleton process and perform extraction. Feature extracted is used to distinguish motion between body object one with the other object body is done through the analysis of morphological forms based on seven grades of moment invariant previously been extracted last step can performed to identifying using Neural Network and to produce the great accuracy and exactly the Range of Motion with 1000 epoch for training. Being in BPNN by combining Moment Invariant for feature extraction whose performance is the highest accuracy about 97.8666%.
Keywords:	Back Propagation, Background Subtraction, Range of Motion
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	SAMA: A TWITTER BASED WEB SEARCH ENGINE
Author:	FALAH AL-AKASHI
Abstract:	How can a model efficiently identify relevant references in the hundreds of millions of Twitter messages that are posted every day? In this paper, we intend to address this fundamental research question, as well as introduce SAMA, a scalable search model that uses Twitter streams. Real-time topic detection is an important function for all search engines, and extracting topics from Twitter raises new challenges. As a huge temporal data flow, Twitter has many various types of topics, as well as a lot of noise. Current sophisticated search engines with high computational complexity are not designed to handle such large data flows efficiently. Twitter provides many opportunities for people to engage with real-time world events through communication and information sharing, as well as tools for dealing with its data. However, little is understood about the external links available in Twitter content, and this affects topic engagement. As of today, Twitter posts and its external links is very limited using upon traditional search engine despite the fact that content of micro-blogging presented by Twitter is very curious and useful for some queries rather than content of traditional Webs. In this paper, we propose a platform for modeling URL and inverse message frequencies and Twitter external references, which allows us to use a novel self-content detection algorithm for link authorities. Our model can make use of a new source of Web references, and experiments verify the effectiveness of the model in real time topic detection of Twitter social content. In our evaluations, we investigate the impact of different features on retrieval performance, and highlight tweet features that have high precision for both adhoc and diversity tasks: 77% and 78% respectively.
Keywords:	Twitter, Topic Detection, Social Search Model, Web References
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	HYBRID CHAOTIC KEYSTREAM GENERATION (HCKG) FOR SYMMETRIC IMAGE ENCRYPTION
Author:	ALI H. KASHMAR, AHMED K. HASSN, E. S. ISMAIL
Abstract:	Today, data security is the main objective to protected personal data from unauthorized access users, because of the high-speed development of unsecured networks. The aim of apply symmetric-key algorithms is to produce a good encrypt data in order to safety transmitted information through unsecure networks; such goal is achieve by design efficient keystream generator mechanism. However, there are many properties should be taken in consideration to design a good ciphers including; implement strong and high-speed keystream generation, utilize a complex invertible round functions, as well as time execution and security level. This paper suggested a new technique for design efficient keystream generator mechanism called Hybrid Chaotic Keystream Generator (HCKG) that is suitable for symmetric image encryption. HCKG generator passes through four stages; firstly, choose the chaotic maps, including, Chebyshev, Tent, Gaussian, Henon, and Duffing maps. The secondly stage, exponential function [exp(x)] and the next stage is machine words multiplexer to find the floating-point representation group of random numbers. The final stage, random matrix table as a dynamic substitution box (S-box) depend on random key, shifting, logistic maps for (1D, 2D, 3D), and particle swarm algorithm. Visual Studio was employed as a programming language to implement the algorithms of proposal system. The output of HCKG is testing in several measurements represent including complexity, time execution and avalanche criterion balance; the numerical results show that the keystream generation successfully passed through NIST (statistical package tests for randomness). Finally, image encryption for the corresponding algorithm was done; preliminary results show that HCKG algorithm has good cryptographic strength and resistant against security attacks.
Keywords:	Cryptography, Symmetric key, Chaotic Maps, Image encryption, NIST
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	QOS-AWARE SNR ADMISSION CONTROL MECHANISM
Author:	MOHAMMED HASAN ALWAN , KHAIRUN N. RAMLI , AMEER ALHASAN , AWS ZUHAIR SAMEEN , HUSSAIN FALIH MAHDI
Abstract:	Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) becomes a fundamental subcategory of mobile ad-hoc networks which provides vehicles to communicate with each other and with roadside infrastructure in a smart way. Various VANET performance challenges are considered in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) due to vehicles speed and transmission rates. Different problems cause performance degradation as performance anomaly where high rates vehicles has to meet the speed of the low rates vehicle while transmitting data. In this paper a QoS-aware Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) admission control mechanism (QASAC) is proposed to handle the performance anomaly problem while maintaining the QoS levels for different traffic types. QASAC has been compared against the latest SNR based admission control mechanism. QASAC has enhanced the performance of data delivery up to 23% in terms of data dropping rates for high priority traffic.
Keywords:	Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), admission control, Quality of Service (QoS)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	NEW MODEL OF TURING MACHINES WITH GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Author:	EMAN ALI HUSSAIN , YAHYA MOURAD ABDUL – ABBASS
Abstract:	In this paper we introduced new model of Turing machine, and represented the Turing Machine in the space of matrices size 𝛼 ∗ 𝜆, is called Turing Matrices Space (TMS), denoted by M(𝛼 , 𝜆),and construct the formulate which translate the Turing machine to Turing Matrices Space Then the space is called Standard Turing Matrices Space (Standard TMS). In the second phase of the work we using the Turing Machines with crossover operators to accelerated the work of the genetic algorithms then we have provided many of theorems and lemma to use as a mathematical form in this new model of Turing machine
Keywords:	Genetic Algorithms, Crossover Method, Turing Machine, Multidimensional Turing Machines
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	A NEW CARD AUTHENTICATION SCHEMA BASED ON EMBED FINGERPRINT IN IMAGE WATERMARKING AND ENCRYPTION
Author:	MARWA KAREEM RASHEED , ALI J. DAWOOD
Abstract:	The wide use of the smart card makes the security issue more and more important. Authentication by using traditional password can’t meet user requirements. Many schemes for user’s authentication have been proposed, especially, those based on image encryption. However, most of the existing schemes complain of many problems like single authentication mode, weak quality of the restored image and low encryption intensity. The authentication scheme is a cryptographic mechanism, which helps two communication parties in the network environment to authenticate each other. In this paper dual authentication scheme based in image watermarking and encryption was proposed. Watermarking techniques have been used to enhance the fingerprint-based authentication process where the fingerprint feature are extracted and embedded in the user face image which act as watermark, in addition to use the user name as second watermark in order to protect the user's data from the illegal use. To increase the security level of the proposed scheme we encrypt the two watermarks before embedding it by using the Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) encryption algorithm, in order to integrate the advantages of watermarking and encryption into a single system. The obtained result shows more robust authentication scheme to authorized the user to access the system with a high quality watermarked image, the PSNR value's range between 83.57 dB and 92.05 dB.
Keywords:	Authentication • Smart card • Fingerprint Minutiae • Digital watermarking • RC4 encryption.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	A SYSTEM FOR RAPID LOCALIZATION AND INTENSITY EVALUATION OF SAPONINS ACCUMULATION IN PLANT TISSUES
Author:	MELA G. ABDUL-HALEEM, Dr. LOAY E. GEORGE, Dr. ANSAM G. ABDUL-HALEEM
Abstract:	A fluorescence microscopy considered as a powerful imaging tool in biology and medicine. In addition to useful signal obtained from fluorescence microscopy, there are some defects in its images such as random variation in brightness, noise that caused by photon detection and some background pixels in the acquired fluorescence microscopic images appear wrongly auto-fluorescence property. All these practical limitations have a negative impact on the correct vision and analysis of the fluorescent microscope users. Our research enters the field of automation of image processing and image analysis using image processing techniques and applying this processing and analysis on one of the very important experiments in biology science. This research is devoted to develop a system based on digital image processing methodology to localize and assess the concentration of saponins accumulation in plant tissues using Fluorescence microscopic image. The proposed system involved preprocessing steps than to make the region of interest more obvious and reflects the saponins accumulation area. Also, the system introduces a simple mathematical way for concentration assessment, and it was justified through the test results. It includes building a system to get microscopic images with best appearance and no defects. It determines the saponins accumulation sites in leaves, rhizomes and shoot apex of Y. gloriosa Variegata and their in vitro cultured tissues (Calli, direct and indirect regenerated shoots and rhizomes/roots). Statistical analysis is performed using a computer to get the mean and median of saponins intensities in each part, and finally perform a comparison between them to determine which part can record the highest intensity level of saponins. The results showed high ability of the system to determine the locations and intensity of saponins in the different parts of the plant. It performs the statistical analysis very quickly. In in vitro culture, it was found that callus treated with Thidiazuron (TDZ) in a combination with benzyl aminopurine (BA) and naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) after 3 weeks of culture had the highest level of saponins accumulation, while the leaves of intact plant recorded the second highest accumulation of saponins.
Keywords:	Fluorescence Microscopy, Histogram Statistics, Contrast Stretching, region of interest (ROI), Saponins intensity
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
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Title:	IMPACT ASPECTES OF IT FLEXIBILITY SPECIFIC TO CLOUD COMPUTING ADOPTION ON IT EFFECTIVENESS
Author:	SALAMEH A. ALMJLAE, ZARINA MOHAMAD, WAN SURYANI
Abstract:	Against the background of recent economic realities, certainly one of the bigger forces that is affecting businesses worldwide is cloud computing technology, whose advantages consist of agility, Cost savings, time to market, Competitive edge, time to capability,Flexibility, Sustainability, etc. The purpose of this study was to add to the body of knowledge that Might be implemented through researchers, IT organizations and businesses, alike to attain best results through focusing on factors of IT flexibility (connectivity, modularity, and compatibility) specific to cloud based services and solutions. The study findings provided statistical evidence that factors of IT flexibility (connectivity, modularity, and compatibility) specific to cloud computing have strong positive correlations on IT effectiveness. Also, the combination of three factors of IT flexibility, precise to cloud computing, explained 67% of the variance of IT effectiveness. The Connectivity factor predicted of IT effectiveness the most while the compatibility the less contribute to the prediction of IT effectiveness.
Keywords:	Cloud Computing, (CC), IT Effectiveness (ITE), IT Flexibility (ITF)Small And Medium Enterprises (SMES)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th February 2019 -- Vol. 97. No. 03 -- 2019
Full Text