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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
August 2018 | Vol. 96 No.16

Title:	A NOVEL EARLY WARNING SYSTEM USING FUZZY MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING ALGORITHM AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA
Author:	MUSLIKHIN, FATCHUL ARIFIN, PONCO WALIPRANOTO, ARIF ASHARI
Abstract:	An early warning system (EWS) has the possibility to predict data accurately in the limited positions of units using sensors and additional data input. But in reality it is not easy, requires a lot of system, cross platform and field of science. This applies tries to realize the EWS, so it is necessary to configure the addition of input data, where data from sensors and meteorological data is required to predict floods accurately. The purpose of this system is to make decisions and determine the flooding area. In order to achieve this goal, Decision Support System (DSS) techniques with primary and secondary data are applied. Primary and secondary data as input of Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making (FMADM) algorithm. The expectation is based on weight, normalized model to get optimal prediction result. The EWS equipped by sirens, short messages, websites, and also Android apps to provide monitoring and prediction information. The experiment was carried out using EWS hardware mounted on streams and the results indicated the good performance of the system with fulfill errors.
Keywords:	Flood area predicting, FMADM, DSS, meteorological data, early warning system.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	AN EFFICIENT AUDIO ENCRYPTION BASED ON CHAOTIC LOGISTIC MAP WITH 3D MATRIX
Author:	YUSSRA MAJID HAMEED, NADA HUSSIEN M. Ali
Abstract:	The widespread popularity of the Internet and the fast developments in computer technologies influence the expansion of electronic data exchange and digital communications. Consequently, digital audio communication is used in daily life activities such as banking, commerce, e-learning, military, education and politics. As a result, a huge amount of critical audio data is exchanged everyday over shared and open networks. In consequence of the rapid growth of data communications and digital audio, the issue of providing a high level of audio security becomes a foremost importance. Chaotic maps have been used recently in cryptography for large scale data encryption such as text, image, video and audio data, due to their strong properties such as sensitivity to changes in system control parameters and initial conditions, pseudo-randomness and aperiodicity. This paper has been presented a chaos-based audio confusion and diffusion system. A symmetric block audio encryption approach have been introduced, which is based on substitution and shuffling using chaotic logistic map with 3D-matrix. The confusion process is done by searches for positions of the audio symbols in 3D-matrix which is generated by chaotic logistic map system. Then, these symbols are replaced accordingly. Then the shuffle mechanism is done to the positions of the matrix depending upon the system key. Moreover, the resulting confused audio are prepared to diffusion mechanism which is achieved by the exclusive-or operation between random value and chaotic logistic map array. So, all of the cipher audio will get affected even if only one-bit of audio sample have been changed. The control parameters and initial conditions are extracted from the encrypted key, so the system is key sensitive. Further, Parity added to ensure integrity. Information theory of Shannon entropy test, NIST tests and security analysis show that the suggested scheme is secure and can be used in audio encryption.
Keywords:	Logistic Map, Chaotic Systems, Confusion, Diffusion, Block Cipher, 3D-Matrix, Shuffle, Encryption.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	A SURVEY: CHALLENGES OF IMAGE SEGMENTATION BASED FUZZY C-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM
Author:	WALEED ALOMOUSH, AYAT ALROSAN, NORITA NORWAWI, YAZAN ALOMARI, DHEEB ALBASHISH, AMMAR ALMOMANI, MOHAMMED ALQAHTANI
Abstract:	Image segmentation is the method of dividing an image into many segments that comprise groups of pixels. In many real applications such as images segmentation there are issues such as limited spatial resolution, poor contrast, overlapping intensities, noise and intensity in homogeneities. The semi and fully automatic image segmentation are a difficult and complicated process due to several reasons such as the different appearance of intensity level, patterns of objects inside image, overlapping among different regions (segments), and partial volume effects (noise level). Fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm is the most popular method used in image segmentation due to its robust characteristics for ambiguity. Although, the conventional FCM algorithm suffer from some weaknesses such as initialize clusters center, determine the optimal number of clusters and sensitive to noise. This paper presents the review challenges of image segmentation based FCM algorithm and describe how solve these kinds of FCM problems.
Keywords:	Image Segmentation, Fuzzy Clustering, FCM, Metaheuristic Search Algorithms, Fitness Functions
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	A SELF-ORGANIZING MAP ALGORITHM USING ONLY A TESTING DATA SET WITH THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL VECTORS AND AN ODDS RATIO COEFFICIENT FOR ENGLISH SENTIMENT CLASSIFICATION IN A PARALLEL SYSTEM
Author:	DR.VO NGOC PHU, VO THI NGOC TRAN
Abstract:	Many different approaches have already been studied for sentiment classification for many years because It has been significant in everyday life, such as in political activities, commodity production, and commercial activities. A new model using an unsupervised learning for big data sentiment classification has been proposed in this survey. We have used a Self-Organizing Map Algorithm (SOM) to cluster all sentences of one document of the testing data set comprising 8,500,000 documents, which are the 4,250,000 positive and the 4,250,000 negative in English, into either the positive polarity or the negative polarity certainly. In this survey, we do not use any data sets. We do not any one-dimensional vectors based on a vector space modeling (VSM). We also do not use any multi-dimensional vectors based on the VSM. We only use many one-dimensional vectors based on many sentiment lexicons of our basis English sentiment dictionary (bESD). The valences and the polarities of the sentiment lexicons of the bESD are calculated by using An Odds Ratio Coefficient (ORC) through a Google search engine with AND operator and OR operator. We also do not use many multi-dimensional vectors based on the sentiment lexicons of the bESD. With one document of the testing data set, the SOM is used to cluster all the sentences of this document into either the positive or the negative on a map. The sentiment classification of this document is identified based on this map completely. We have tested the proposed model in both a sequential environment and a distributed network system. We have achieved 88.14% accuracy of the testing data set. The execution of the proposed model in the sequential system is greater than that in the parallel network environment. Many applications and research of the sentiment classification can widely use the results of the proposed model.
Keywords:	English Sentiment Classification; Distributed System; Parallel System; Odds Ratio Similarity Coefficient; Cloudera; Hadoop Map And Hadoop Reduce; Clustering Technology; Self-Organizing Map
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	A FUZZY LOGIC BASED HYBRID APPROACH FOR DISEASE INTERPRETATION AND PREDICTION
Author:	MR. RAVI AAVULA, DR. R. BHRAMARAMBA
Abstract:	Data mining and data exploration in databases are attracting a big quantity of analytics, research, industry, and media attention these days. Despite the growing number of machine-learning algorithms that have been formed, still to implement them and provide the effectiveness and practicality is much desired. However, in order to help the medical experts to suggest a proper and an efficient medical plan by employing the predicted output of the built model, it is significantly needful to determine which attribute-variables have more significance to the final outcome of cancer patients’ patterns. This paper presents a novel fuzzy logic based hybrid approach for cancer disease interpretation and prediction. The earlier forecast and location of disease cells can be useful in curing the illness in medical applications. We performed the experiments on Breast Cancer Wisconsin Data Set utilizing our proposed method. Experiment analysis in later section prove the efficiency of our proposed method. Proposed method is computationally more efficient than existing methods and, therefore, suited even for massive sized data sets in the biomedical field.
Keywords:	Knowledge discovery, Data mining, Machine learning, Medical data, Cancer prognosis.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	ENGLISH SENTIMENT CLASSIFICATION USING A BIRCH ALGORITHM AND THE SENTIMENT LEXICONS-BASED ONE-DIMENSIONAL VECTORS OF A GOWER-2 COEFFICIENT
Author:	DR.VO NGOC PHU, VO THI NGOC TRAN
Abstract:	Sentiment classification is significant in everyday life, such as in political activities, commodity production, and commercial activities. In this survey, we have proposed a new model for Big Data sentiment classification. We use a Balanced Interative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies algorithm (BIRCH) and many one-dimensional vectors basd on many sentiment lexicons of our basis English sentiment dictionary (bESD) to cluser one document of our English testing data set, which is 8,500,000 documents including the 4,250,000 positive and the 4,250,000 negative based on our English training data set which is 5,000,000 sentences comprising the 2,500,000 positive and the 2,500,000 negative. We calculate the sentiment scores of English terms (verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc.) by using a GOWER-2 coefficient (G2C) through a Google search engine with AND operator and OR operator. We do not use any multi-dimensional vector. We also do not use any one-dimensional vector based on a vector space modeling (VSM). We do not use any similarity coefficient of a data mining field. The BIRCH is used in clustering one sentence of one document of the testing data set into either the 2,500,000 positive or the 2,500,000 negative of the training data set. We tested the proposed model in both a sequential environment and a distributed network system. We achieved 87.82% accuracy of the testing data set. The execution time of the model in the parallel network environment is faster than the execution time of the model in the sequential system. The results of this work can be widely used in applications and research of the English sentiment classification.
Keywords:	English Sentiment Classification; Distributed System; Parallel System; GOWER-2 Similarity Coefficient; Cloudera; Hadoop Map And Hadoop Reduce; Clustering Technology; Balanced Interative Reducing And Clustering Using Hierarchies Algorithm.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	ENGLISH SENTIMENT CLASSIFICATION USING A BIRCH ALGORITHM AND THE SENTIMENT LEXICONS-BASED ONE-DIMENSIONAL VECTORS OF A GOWER-2 COEFFICIENT
Author:	DR.VO NGOC PHU, VO THI NGOC TRAN
Abstract:	Sentiment classification is significant in everyday life, such as in political activities, commodity production, and commercial activities. In this survey, we have proposed a new model for Big Data sentiment classification. We use a Balanced Interative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies algorithm (BIRCH) and many one-dimensional vectors basd on many sentiment lexicons of our basis English sentiment dictionary (bESD) to cluser one document of our English testing data set, which is 8,500,000 documents including the 4,250,000 positive and the 4,250,000 negative based on our English training data set which is 5,000,000 sentences comprising the 2,500,000 positive and the 2,500,000 negative. We calculate the sentiment scores of English terms (verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc.) by using a GOWER-2 coefficient (G2C) through a Google search engine with AND operator and OR operator. We do not use any multi-dimensional vector. We also do not use any one-dimensional vector based on a vector space modeling (VSM). We do not use any similarity coefficient of a data mining field. The BIRCH is used in clustering one sentence of one document of the testing data set into either the 2,500,000 positive or the 2,500,000 negative of the training data set. We tested the proposed model in both a sequential environment and a distributed network system. We achieved 87.82% accuracy of the testing data set. The execution time of the model in the parallel network environment is faster than the execution time of the model in the sequential system. The results of this work can be widely used in applications and research of the English sentiment classification.
Keywords:	English Sentiment Classification; Distributed System; Parallel System; GOWER-2 Similarity Coefficient; Cloudera; Hadoop Map And Hadoop Reduce; Clustering Technology; Balanced Interative Reducing And Clustering Using Hierarchies Algorithm.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	NLP AND IR BASED SOLUTION FOR CONFIRMING CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH PAPERS
Author:	KHALID M.O. NAHAR, NOUH ALHINDAWI, OBAIDA M. AL-HAZAIMEH, 4RA ED M. AL KHATIB, ABDALLAH M AL AKHRAS
Abstract:	In this paper, an approach is presented for classifying and categorizing the research’s papers in very accurate manner. Typically, the papers are classified into clusters based on the concepts and the contents, this clustering process is mainly depends on the title of the paper. However, a lot of papers have ambiguous title or have a very short title. Therefore, the researcher needs to cluster and classify the papers not just depending on the title, but also include other parts of the paper like: abstract, keywords, and may be some key parts of the paper. This process is time consuming since the researchers spend a lot of time to decide the related cluster of the undertaken paper. Our presented approach provides an automatic, short time, and accurate solution, which mainly depends on Information Retrieval (IR) as core process along with some Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) are the two IR algorithms which used in the new approach. We use the LDA for classifying the papers using the concept of topic modeling. And we use the LSI for performing querying. The new approach uses the title of the paper, the abstract, and the keyword for performing the classification process. Two distinct experiments were conducted over 600 papers in the field of computer science. The results show the efficiency of the proposed approach in classifying and mapping the papers accurately and efficiently.
Keywords:	NLP and Information Retrieval (IR), Classification; Topic Modeling; Latent Dirichlet Allocation; Latent Semantic Indexing; Gensim
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	A NOVEL STEGANOGRAPHY METHOD BASED ON 4 DOMINATIONS STANDARD CHAOTIC MAP IN SPATIAL DOMAIN
Author:	Dr. ANWAR ABBAS HATTAB, Dr. SADIQ A. MEHDI
Abstract:	The goal of steganography is to embed secret information in a data is considered as a cover in a way that unparticipating users can not able to discover the content of this information by estimating the data. In this paper, new method of stenography has been suggested to hide text in cover image as dynamic method in which combine cryptograph with information hiding to do high level security. In this method chaotic theory is used to choose randomly pixel in image based on initial control parameters. Some operations of number theory are used to generate keys from text's characters with these coordinates of the location of chosen pixel which are used to change these characters from the text which is stored in this location as four dominations to make diffusion and confusion in text and hide in cover image randomly. The result experiments show strongest of this method based on value of Mean Square Errors (MSE), Pack Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) when compared with other methods.
Keywords:	Steganography Method, Standard Chaotic Map, PSNR, MSE, Histogram.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	ENHANCEMENT OF GEOMETRICAL PREDICTIVE HANDOVER PROBABILITY BASED ON COVERAGE SECTORS
Author:	ALSUBAIE, SULAIMAN MOHAMMED S, NOR EFFENDY OTHMAN, ROSILAH HASSAN
Abstract:	Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) handover refers to the seamless communication link change of one node from one access point to another. It is useful for preventing disruption in communication sessions in general, and it has a significant impact on the performance of the vehicular networks for the frequency of an occurrence in particular. This is important for different networks in general and vehicular networks in particular due to the high dependency of different vehicular and intelligent transportation of the internet. Thus, it is highly motivational applications to develop an efficient handover system for vehicular networks. The problematic aspect of vehicular handover is the non-accurate location information that might be provided to the handover because the non-accurate Global Positioning System (GPS) signal in an urban environment especially when the environment is occupied by the tall structures. Hence, it is essential to develop vehicular handover from the perspective of location prediction to assist in correct prediction to the next access point (AP). The two issues of mobile IP handover are in the latency and the possible loss of packets. Most previous studies have concentrated on the architecture aspect of the mobile IP to resolve this problem. Despite the effectiveness of such solutions they do not target directly the latency problem caused by the handover. In this research, a probability based geometrical model is developed for prediction of next AP based on logged information about the history of vehicles mobility in the road with respect to current AP. The methodology is based on dividing the coverage area around each AP to set of sectors and building dynamic probability table about the mobility of the vehicle from one AP at particular sector to the predicted AP. For further improvement in the performance, Kalman filter has been incorporated into each vehicle for accurate prediction of the vehicle location in the coverage zone. Simulation results have proven that our model outperformed the previous models in terms of all evaluation measures of the network performance: Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End to End delay (E2E delay), and overhead. The improvement showing on effects of number of sectors in the PDR is nearly 26.15% while the enhancement of the delay is up to 84.21% in the zone of the transition from one AP to another AP. Moreover, the achieved improvement of overhead is with a percentage of 34.67%.
Keywords:	Handover, Vehicular Network, Predictive Handover, Mobile IP, Coverage Sector
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	OPTIMAL CONTROL OF MULTI-CLASS MULTI-SERVER QUEUEING SYSTEM
Author:	ALI MADANKAN, ALI DELAVARKHALAFI
Abstract:	We consider Markovian multi-server queues with two class of customers: high and low-priority ones, and presented a framework for a control problem of such queuing system. Most authors have used Brownian control problems (BCP) as formal diffusion limits and also BCPs are used for queuing network control problems too. In this paper, we also suppose formal diffusion limit to control a queuing system where our problem becomes a control problem with the dynamics of Brownian motion. In a related problem, but simpler, a minimum trajectory has been achieved and is provided as the solution of a stochastic differential equation in one dimension and then for a multi-dimensional problem follows.
Keywords:	Optimal Control, Brownian Control, Queuing System.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	FUTURE OF MODIFICATIONS ON THE HUMAN BODY ACCORDING TO SCIENCE FICTION: WETWARE AND THE CYBORG ERA
Author:	DR SHAZIA ZAHEER, V. GNEVASHEVA, S.Butt
Abstract:	Science Fiction (Sci-Fi) brings several examples of modifications made in the human body, each having different goals in mind — it may be either improving or compromising intellectual, physical, or psychological abilities. Lately, with consistent advancements in the Health field, mostly brought about by e-Health startups and the interdisciplinary combination of Biology, Medicine, Computer Science, and Engineering, many of the modifications seen in big screens became a reality, albeit from a weak signal point of view and not yet mainstream solutions to Health issues. Aiming to define the scope of this research, as Sci-Fi works are abundant and take the form of movies, animes, mangas, and books, filtering all of those would be a herculean job. Hence, for this paper, only movies and animes were assessed, according to precepts established in the Methodology section. Taking our society’s progress into consideration, the aims of this work are twofold: (i) knowing to what extent there has already been real scientific progress with regard to science fiction scenarios and predictions of human body transformations; (ii) understanding the repercussions of humans undergoing such modifications applied to several fields, such as Economics, Sociology and Ethics, pinpointing scenarios that should be discussed in preparation for future changes.
Keywords:	Wetware, Science Fiction, Human augmentation, Cyborgs, Future wheels
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	ALG CLUSTERING TO ANALYZE THE BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS OF ONLINE LEARNING STUDENTS
Author:	AGUNG TRIAYUDI, ISKANDAR FITRI
Abstract:	In this paper, we describe a student's behavior search pattern using new method of Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) that is ALG (Average Linkage Dissimilarity Increment Distribution - Global Cumulative Score Standart). The dataset was taken from the 1523 student posts. This calculation resulted in 8 student behavior patterns obtained from 12 primary clusters. The cluster evaluation using the silhouette coefficient (S) generated the highest value of 0.9464 and cluster evaluation using cophenetic correlation coefficient (CPCC) generated the highest value of 0.9925.
Keywords:	AHC, ALG, Dataset, Cluster, CPCC.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW FOR MALWARE VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES
Author:	PRITHEEGA MAGALINGAM, GANTHAN NARAYANA SAMY, WAFA MOHD KHAIRUDIN, MOHD FIRHAM EFENDY MD SENAN, ASWAMI FADILLAH BIN MOHD ARIFFIN, ZAHRI HJ YUNOS
Abstract:	Analyzing the activities or the behaviors of malicious scripts highly depends on extracted features. It is also significant to know which features are more effective for certain visualization types. Similarly, selecting an appropriate visualization technique plays a key role for analytical descriptive, diagnostic, predictive and prescriptive. Thus, the visualization technique should provide understandable information about the malicious code activities. This paper followed systematic literature review method in order to review the extracted features that are used to identify the malware, different types of visualization techniques and guidelines to select the right visualization techniques. An advanced search has been performed in most relevant digital libraries to obtain potentially relevant articles. The results demonstrate significant resources and types of features that are important to analyze malware activities and common visualization techniques that are currently used and methods to choose the right visualization technique in order to analyze the security events effectively.
Keywords:	Visualization Technique, Malware, Features, Analytics, Security Event
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	EFFECTIVE IDEA MINING TECHNIQUE BASED ON MODELING LEXICAL SEMANTIC
Author:	MOSTAFA ALKSHER, AZREEN AZMAN, RAZALI YAAKOB, EISSA M. ALSHARI, RABIAH ABDUL KADIR, ABDULMAJID MOHAMED
Abstract:	Automatic extraction of hidden ideas from texts is extremely important that would help decision makers to identify and retrieve significant information, which possibly used to solve current problems. However, adequate measurements need to be utilized to verify candidate ideas. In existing idea mining measurement research, a well-balanced measurement is used to measure the distribution of the number of known and unknown terms from the idea text and the context text to find useful ideas within a text pattern. The existing models do not take into consideration the relationships between these terms which may share one or more semantic component. This leads to a limited characterization of potential ideas. Therefore, this paper proposes an improvement to the idea mining model by considering the semantic relationships among terms based on synonyms by using the WordNet. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated on a dataset consisting of 50 randomly selected abstracts of scientific articles. Based on the results, the proposed model showed an improvement in the performance of the idea mining model where an increase of 28.4% is achieved.
Keywords:	Idea mining, Information retrieval, WordNet, text pattern, text mining.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	CONCEPTUALISING IT CONSULTING SERVICES: AN APPROACH FROM IT-BUSINESS ALIGNMENT MODELS AND DESIGN SCIENCES
Author:	FRANCISCO MACIA PEREZ, JOSE VICENTE BERNA MARTÍNEZ, CARLOS RAMON LOPEZ PAZ, 1JOSE MANUEL SANCHEZ BERNABEU
Abstract:	The constant integration of business and manufacturing processes is a difficult task that can be facilitated through IT consulting services. However, if these services do not adequately address the problems of alignment between IT and business, efficiency in integration can be seriously compromised. This article presents a methodology that systematises IT consulting services for the acquisition, incorporation, and integration of IT elements in an organisation in such a way that is aligned with the business and by contemplating its contribution to the value chain. The proposal is based on a set of rules, methods, guidelines, patterns, and artefacts that define a flow of action and implement a strategy that provides a consulting solution as a final result. Likewise, a method is proposed to evaluate the applied methodology and the solution obtained. For validation of the method, a set of business processes based on a case study applied in several Cuban companies related to the food sector has been defined to help adjust the parameters and corroborate the generalisation of the proposal. This research allows to ensure the alignment of business and IT to avoid the failure in the incorporation of IT to companies. It also analyzes and establishes the ideal artefacts for IT consulting and generates an IT consulting methodology that makes the analysis of consultants more robust in order to guarantee the success of incorporating IT into companies.
Keywords:	IT Consulting Services, IT Alignment Models, Business Modelling, BSC-IT, BPM
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	EXPLORATION STUDY OF CERTIFICATE POLICY AND CERTIFICATION PRACTICE STATEMENT DESIGN FOR CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES IN INDONESIA
Author:	YOVA RULDEVIYANI, ARFIVE GANDHI, YUDHO GIRI SUCAHYO
Abstract:	Certification Authority (CA) must unveil its Certificate Policy (CP) and Certification Practice Statement (CPS) as obligatory and fundamental documents to describe its technical information security, business processes, and legal compliance. Although had been initiated since 2014, Indonesia National Public Key Infrastructure (INPKI) still cannot be operated completely by Root CA, Sub-CA’s, and other involved participants. This situation affected by CA’s inability to produce adequate CP and CPS that cover necessary information required above. As Root CA in INPKI, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT) shall propose CP and CPS for itself and also provide CP and CPS framework for its Sub-CAs. Previously, Sub-CAs confronts difficulties to propose CP and CPS due to their low proficiency. Using the concept of knowledge management, MCIT needs to regulate and educate Sub-CAs and itself as Root CA by proposing CP and CPS as knowledge transfer and guidelines. Proposed CP and CPS become empirical externalization and internalization so that each CA can compose its own CP and CPS with decent content to cover the required issues. This research explores how CAs in INPKI formulates their CP and CPS based on Request for Comment (RFC) 3647 with larger point of view. This exploration aims to extend and criticize whether the proposed CP and CPS are qualified to encourage the CA’s readiness and the preparation of INPKI. This exploration contributes significant impact through preparation of CP and CPS. Produced CP and CPS will be more qualified and enhanced in unveiling necessary information to obtain trustworthiness in three aspects: governance; technical; and human resource requirements.
Keywords:	Certification authority; Certificate policy; CP; Certification practice statement; CPS; Information security; Public Key Infrastructure
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR SDN-CLUSTER BASED MANET
Author:	AHMED JAWAD KADHIM, SEYED AMIN HOSSEINI SENO, RANA ALI SHIHAB
Abstract:	Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a network of mobile nodes that connect with each other through the wireless interfaces without infrastructures. These nodes have limited energy and move freely from one location to another. Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new architecture consists of data and control parts. It was discovered to increase the possibilities of traditional network architecture. Moreover, it plays a big role in saving the energy by selecting the optimal path with minimum energy consumption or the path included intermediates node with highest remaining energy. The mobility of MANET nodes makes the routing process very difficult and needs in sometimes that all nodes participate in this process, which leads to high overhead and energy consumption. Therefore, there is need to a special routing protocol to resolve the above troubles. The aim of this work is to design a routing protocol called SDN-Cluster Based Routing Protocol (S-CBRP) to enhance the route building/rebuilding process and increase the lifetime of MANET by selecting the optimal path to the target node with minimum energy consumption and takes into account the node's remaining energy and delay constraints. The proposed architecture depends on implementing SDN agent in each cluster head node to work as a local SDN controller for managing one or more clusters. All the local controllers connect to the central SDN controller that manages the entire network. Also, the full dump and incremental transmission approaches are used to decrease the energy consumption and overhead of sending the cluster information to the central SDN controller. The results demonstrated that S-CBRP is better than FF-AOMDV in terms of energy consumption, network overhead, average source-to-destination delay and packet delivery ratio.
Keywords:	Cluster-Based-MANET, SDN, Local Controller, SDN Agent, Network Lifetime
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	SECURITY REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION AND CONSISTENCY VALIDATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Author:	NURIDAWATI MUSTAFA, MASSILA KAMALRUDIN, SAFIAH SIDEK
Abstract:	Security requirements are important in developing secure software development. Objectives: This study plans to identify properties of security requirements for developing secure software as well as to analyse the existing works for requirements validation. The gaps and limitations of each approach was discussed in this study. Method: A systematic literature review is conducted to identify and analyse related literature on elicitation of security requirements for developing secure software. Findings: There are four results: (1) the security properties highly considered for developing secure software are “Confidentiality”, “Integrity” “Identification & Authentication”, and “Availability”; (2) the approaches in validating security requirements are controlled user experiments, tools and manual checklist; (3) the security references used are the NIST, the Common Criteria and the ISO/IEC; and (4) security requirements template and consistency checking. Finally, the gaps and limitations of the existing works were also discussed. Conclusion: The primary challenge of security requirements during elicitation is to write the correct security requirements and validating the consistency of security requirements. As such, requirements engineers should consider the challenges posed by security requirements in eliciting and validating security requirements.
Keywords:	Security Requirements, Consistency Management, Security Requirements Validation, Security Requirement Engineering, Secure Software
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	XEW 2.0 : ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM FOR BIG DATA ANALYTICS
Author:	AMINE EL HADDADI, ANASS EL HADDADI, ABDELHADI FENNAN, BERNARD DOUSSET
Abstract:	Competitive Intelligence is a strategic management of information, which aims to provide collaborative decision-making. In other words, competitive intelligence is a mapping of the surrounding business environment. Nowadays, every organization needs a competitive intelligence system in order to enhance its position in the market, or simply to survive, as well as to be able to track every single change and to provide the right response to it in a real time scale. We propose in this paper a new Competitive Intelligence System for Big Data Analytics (CIS-BG: XEW 2.0).
Keywords:	Competitive Intelligence System; Big Data Analytics, Big Data Visualisation; XEW 2.0
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	MALWARE PREDICTION ALGORITHM: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Author:	MOHD NAZRI MAHRIN, SURIAYATI CHUPRAT, ANUSUYAH SUBBARAO, ASWAMI FADILLAH MOHD ARIFFIN, MOHD ZABRI ADIL TALIB, MOHAMMAD ZAHARUDIN AHMAD DARUS, FAKHRUL AFIQ ABD AZIZ
Abstract:	Malware is a threat to information security and poses a security threat to harm networks or computers. Not only the effects of malware can generate damage to systems, they can also destroy a country when for example, its defense system is affected by malware. Even though many tools and methods exist, breaches and compromises are in the news almost daily, showing that the current state-of-the-art can be improved. Hundreds of unique malware samples are collected on a daily basis. Currently, the available information on malware detection is ubiquitous. Much of this information describes the tools and techniques applied in the analysis and reporting the results of malware detection but not much in the prediction on the malware development activities. However, in combating malware, the prediction on malware behavior or development is as crucial as the removing of malware itself. This is because the prediction on malware provides information about the rate of development of malicious programs in which it will give the system administrators prior knowledge on the vulnerabilities of their system or network and help them to determine the types of malicious programs that are most likely to taint their system or network. Thus, based on these, it is imperative that the techniques on the prediction of malware activities be studied and the strengths and limitations are understood. For that reason, a systematic review (SR) was employed by a search in 5 databases and 89 articles on malware prediction were finally included. These 89 articles on malware prediction has been reviewed, and then classified by techniques proposed in detection of new malware, the identified potential threats, tools used for malware prediction, and malware datasets used. Consequently, the findings from the systematic review can serve as the basis for a malware prediction algorithm in future as malware predication became a critical topic in computer security.
Keywords:	Malware Prediction Techniques, Computer Security, Potential Threats, Malware, Malware Datasets
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	A SYSTEMATIC STAKEHOLDERS AND TECHNIQUES SELECTION FRAMEWORK FOR SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATIONS
Author:	FARES ANWAR, ROZILAWATI RAZALI
Abstract:	Requirements elicitation is the most critical phase in software requirements engineering. The process is indeed resource intensive, as it involves a number of dedicated stakeholders who are deliberately gathered to confer and stipulate software requirements. The effectiveness of the process is greatly influenced by the suitability of the stakeholders involved and the elicitation techniques used to gather the requirements. Previous studies indicate that improper stakeholder identification and technique selection normally lead to unsuccessful requirements elicitation process. Such phenomena would later cause serious impacts to projects such as costly rework, overrun schedule and poor quality software. Furthermore, the advancement of technology has introduced various requirements elicitation techniques. The existing technique options however are not always obvious. It is uncertain on how to select the right elicitation techniques for specific situations under certain constraints. This study addresses this issue by proposing a framework for selecting the suitable stakeholders and elicitation techniques to be used in the requirements elicitation process of a particular project. The study adopts qualitative data collection and analysis. The qualitative data were captured through individual and focus group interviews with experts. Through the analysis, the study formulates a set of criteria for choosing the right stakeholders, which later acts as the conditions to determine the suitable elicitation techniques to be used. In addition to the stakeholders’ characteristics, the study also considers technique features, requirements sources and project characteristics as the conditions to choose the elicitation techniques. The criteria and conditions form the systematic stakeholder and elicitation technique selection framework. The framework is useful for project managers to decide the appropriate stakeholders and elicitation techniques to be employed based on the stakeholder characteristics and project constraints.
Keywords:	Stakeholders Selection; Techniques Selection; Requirements Elicitation.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	INTRUSION DETECTION MECHANISM USING FUZZY RULE INTERPOLATION
Author:	MOHAMMAD ALMSEIDIN, SZILVESZTER KOVACS
Abstract:	Fuzzy Rule Interpolation (FRI) methods can serve deducible (interpolated) conclusions even in case if some situations are not explicitly defined in a fuzzy rule based knowledge representation. This property can be beneficial in partial heuristically solved applications; there the efficiency of expert knowledge representation is mixed with the precision of machine learning methods. The goal of this paper is to introduce the benefits of FRI in the Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) application area, in the design and implementation of the detection mechanism for Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) attacks. In the example of the paper as a test-bed environment an open source DDOS dataset and the General Public License (GNU) FRI Toolbox was applied. The performance of the FRI-IDS example application is compared to other common classification algorithms used for detecting DDOS attacks on the same open source test-bed environment. According to the results, the overall detection rate of the FRI-IDS is in pair with other methods. On the example dataset it outperforms the detection rate of the support vector machine algorithm, whereas other algorithms (neural network, random forest and decision tree) recorded lightly higher detection rate. Consequently, the FRI inference system could be a suitable approach to be implemented as a detection mechanism for IDS; it effectively decreases the false positive rate value. Moreover, because of its fuzzy rule base knowledge representation nature, it can easily adapt expert knowledge, and also be-suitable for predicting the level of degree for threat possibility.
Keywords:	Fuzzy Rule Interpolation, Inference System, Intrusion Detection System, DDOS Attack, Detection Mechanism
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	PREDICTION OF BREAST CANCER RECURRENCE USING MODIFIED KERNEL BASED DATA INTEGRATION MODEL
Author:	ARIDA FERTI SYAFIANDINI, ITO WASITO, RATNA MUFIDAH, IONIA VERITAWATI, INDRA BUDI
Abstract:	Analysis of early cancer prognosis is necessary to determine the proper treatment for each patient. Furthermore, as microarray DNA has high dimensional data it would lead to a challenging task. Several studies in high dimensionality reduction have been conducted to determine significant genes with least error in cancer classification. One of those studies implements mining process such as feature selection using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. Other than feature selection, data integration is also believed as an optimal solution in increasing cancer classification performance. In this paper, dataset containing gene expression value and clinical parameters observed from 60 breast cancer patients is used for experiment. The experiment consists of integrating data using early kernel based data integration model with modification in its dimensionality reduction step. In the existing related research, kernel dimensionality reduction is used. In this paper, mining process using several parametric and non-parametric based statistical tests is used as the replacement of kernel dimensionality reduction. The last step in kernel based data integration is classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM). Ten-fold cross validation scheme is used in the experiment. SVM with linear kernel gives the best accuracy rate compared to other kernels.
Keywords:	Recurrent Cancer, Data Integration, Kernel Method, Kernel Dimensionality, Gene Expressions
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	REAL-TIME WAREHOUSE ARCHITECTURE PROPOSAL FOR OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Author:	AYAH F. LEERI, MOHAMMAD A. ALKANDARI
Abstract:	Oil, gas and resources industry plays a dominant role as an income resource for many major companies and countries. To increase the Income through raising the production, many real-time data captured needs to be analyzed and decisions needs to be taken rapidly to optimize well performance and increase production. Currently, data captured are being stored in various systems which forward different tags to multiple applications. In this paper, we study the requirements and nature of Oil, gas and resources industry. We then propose an architecture for centralized real-time warehouse that shall consolidate all data (real-time and static) that are gathered from different resources such as wells, pipelines and other production related information. The aim of this paper is to provide a green, scalable and secure infrastructure for data storing and data analyses, taken into consideration the nature of Oil, gas and resources environment.
Keywords:	Software Architecture, Real-Time Warehouse Architecture, Data Warehouse Architecture, Software Requirements, service oriented architecture
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	RECENT PROGRESS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT CONTEXT
Author:	FAIZURA HANEEM, NAZRI KAMA
Abstract:	Information Technology (IT) adoption is increasingly being studied in many different contexts, both in public and private sectors. However, there are not many review papers published on IT adoption specifically in a local government context. Local governments have unique characteristics in terms of the organization’s structure, the power of authority, norms and culture. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to review recent literature from the year 2013 to 2017 on IT adoption at the organizational level in a local government context. We strategized our review methods through utilizing relevant keyword search in Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald and Springer Link databases which include journals, proceedings, books and book chapters. The search identified 715 publications during the initial stage using the snowballing technique. Thereafter, 22 relevant publications were filtered out during the quality assessment stage. Within the context of local government, this review presented the analyses of IT adoption research progress, the research domains, research methodology and the factors influencing IT adoption. This study identified 37 factors of IT adoption in local government context which have been categorized into four main dimensions which are Technological, Organizational, Individual and Environmental (T-O-I-E). Surprisingly, policy and regulations, top management support, relative advantage, cost, governance, personnel skills and citizen demand emerged as among the most influential factors for IT adoption in the context of local governments. The results from this study will help other researchers to understand the current stage of IT adoption in local government context in terms of research domains, research methodology, and the factors influencing IT adoption.
Keywords:	IT Adoption, Local Governments, Local Authorities, Review
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	THE APPLICATION OF ENTROPY-ROV METHODS TO FORMULATE GLOBAL PERFORMANCE FOR SELECTING THE AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLIERS IN MOROCCO
Author:	MOUNA EL MKHALET , SOULHI AZIZ , RABIAE SAIDI
Abstract:	In Morocco, the automotive sector is constantly improving because it occupies an important place in the Moroccan economy; this is why our research will be in this context in order to bring added value in term scientist. The study we are conducting proposes, firstly, the selection of best AKPI: Appropriate Key Performance Indicators in an objective and utilitarian way, by the application of the combined method ENTROPY-ROV (Range of Value) in the Moroccan automotive sector, and then realize the formula of Global Performance. Secondly, this one will be used to select the best supplier in the Moroccan industrial automotive sector. Furthermore, the results obtained by the application of Entropy-ROV shows that the highest weight among the AKPIs are Machine Availability and the Number of Occupational Injuries, which respectively correspond to the key factors of success: Efficiency of Production Systems and Health and Safety: which requires improvement on the part of Moroccan companies in automotive sector. We also find that the calculation of Global Performance for suppliers shows, that the best supplier is the supplier2 which ranks first among the others. In addition when we compare the results obtained concerning the priority of the AKPIs and the choice of suppliers by the Entropy-ROV method in our research, to that of Chahid et al [28], who used the AHP method, we note that they are not the same. Finally, our contribution is to use for the first time, a scientific, quantitative and mathematical multi-criteria evaluation method called ENTROPY-ROV, which is a combined method, in the automotive industry in Morocco in order to select the best key success factors and to evaluate the suppliers in an objective and utilitarian way.
Keywords:	Entropy, ROV, Supplier Selection, Appropriate Key Performance Indicator (AKPI), Moroccan Automotive Industry
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	APPROACH USING INTERPRETIVE STRUCTURAL MODEL (ISM) TO DETERMINE KEY SUB-FACTORS AT FACTORS: BENEFITS, RISK REDUCTIONS, OPPORTUNITIES AND OBSTACLES IN AWARENESS IT GOVERNANCE
Author:	UKY YUDATAMA, ACHMAD NIZAR HIDAYANTO, BOBBY A.A NAZIEF
Abstract:	This study aims to find the factors and sub-factors important in awareness IT Governance. This is necessary because it has a major influence on the successful implementation of IT Governance within an organization. The data were collected through interviews with 3 competent experts in the field of IT Governance, the best data suitability that has been obtained from these experts, then considered and to be processed using Interpretive Structural Model (ISM). This method is considered very effective to obtain the hierarchical structure and the relationship between each factor and sub-factor. The final results of this study obtained some important factors and sub-factors in awareness of IT Governance among others: benefits, risk reduction, opportunities, and obstacles. Of the four factors are divided into 14 sub-factors, and from the result analysis by using ISM obtained: (a) differences in viewpoint about business and IT objectives; (b) the ownership of data that is still tied between sections and (c) lack of technical knowledge, these three are important sub-factors (sub-factors key) that may affect success in the implementation of IT Governance, therefore these sub-factors need to get serious attention for the implementation of IT Governance can run well so as to improve the quality and performance of the organization in the future.
Keywords:	Factor, Sub-factor, Awareness, IT Governance, Interpretive Structural Model
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	A STUDY OF THE DIGITIZATION PROCESS TO PRESERVE THE CULTURE AND HERITAGE OF A CIVILIZATION USING NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND IT S IMPACT ON THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS
Author:	MUKESH MADANAN, NORLAILA HUSSAIN, ADEEL AHMAD KHALIQ
Abstract:	Venturing into the arena of digitization, technology has been innovative in establishing digitized manuscripts and e-books. Digitizing and archiving manuscripts and documents blanketing texts and images using digital cameras and scanners are being viewed as a stepping stone to the use of technology. To be a part of Generation Next, focus has to be on up to the minute technology of digitization. This entangles to preserve not only manuscripts but also the culture and heritage depicting it. Preserving the artefacts, manuscripts and paintings through primitive techniques physically in historical societies and libraries has limitations. Highlighted restraints are access to general public and lack of facilities to safeguard valuables and keep in place their vulnerability. Manuscripts and documents when archived through chemical methods do not most of the time depict actual bearings. Digitization of rich culture and heritage documents and manuscripts would recalibrate these constraints and iron out most of these limitations. The paper focuses on the digitization process to preserve the artifacts using natural language processing techniques and indexing and also highlights the future of digitization to enhance the cultural heritage of a nation.
Keywords:	Digitization, Cultural Heritage, Metadata, Indexing, Database Management
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS FOR INTERACTIVE MUSIC
Author:	MAURICIO TORO
Abstract:	In this review, it is explained and compared different software and formalisms used in music interaction: sequencers, computer-assisted improvisation, meta-instruments, score-following, asynchronous dataflow languages, synchronous dataflow languages, process calculi, temporal constraints and interactive scores. Formal approaches have the advantage of providing rigorous semantics of the behavior of the model and proving correctness during execution. The main disadvantage of formal approaches is lack of commercial tools.
Keywords:	Interactive Scores, Process Calculi, Temporal Constraints, Score-Following, Meta-Instruments.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	FLIPPED CLASSROOM INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL WITH MOBILE LEARNING BASED ON CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING THEORY TO ENHANCE CRITICAL THINKING (FCMOC MODEL)
Author:	THADA JANTAKOON, PALLOP PIRIYASURAWONG
Abstract:	This study was a report on the findings of a Research and Development (R&D) aiming to develop the model of the flipped classroom with mobile learning based on constructivist learning theory to enhance critical thinking (FCMOC model). The sample consisted of 10 experts in computer education field during the FCMOC model developing stage. The research procedures included 2 phases: (1) Develop FCMOC model and (2) Evaluation of the FCMOC model. The research results was found that the FCMOC model consists of three components were (1) Flipped classroom learning activities on mobile learning technology, (2) The major methods constructivist theory, and (3) 5-Step model to move students toward critical thinking. The experts also evaluated which step of the FCMOC model was most suitable for the development of the respective aspects of critical thinking skill.
Keywords:	Flipped Classroom, Mobile Learning, Constructivist, Critical Thinking, FCMOC Model
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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Title:	PROFILING FRAMEWORK IN IDENTIFYING CYBER VIOLENT EXTREMISM (CYBER-VE) ATTACK
Author:	NURHASHIKIN MOHD SALEH, SITI RAHAYU SELAMAT, ZURINA SAAYA
Abstract:	Cyber Violent Extremism (Cyber-VE) attack becomes topped at the international agenda and it still significant and concern to many governments in Southeast Asia and beyond. Cyber-VE becomes a threat to the country as the ongoing increase in online activities by the violent extremists group. The threat of Cyber-VE is still on the rise and the existing counters do not seem to be reducing this attack. Hence, the aim of this paper is to propose a new profiling framework in profiling Cyber-VE activities. This paper integrates between Cyber-VE traces classification and the components of criminology theory. Traces classification is generated through the process of identifying, extracting, and classifying traces. Two types of criminology theory which social are learning theory and space transition theory are used to explain and identify the criminal behavior. Then, both traces classification and criminology theory are integrated in order to develop the profiling framework. The proposed Cyber-VE profiling framework consists of three main processes which are data extraction and classification, Cyber-VE behavior identification, and Cyber-VE profile construction. The proposed profiling framework is evaluated and validated to verify its capabilities in profiling Cyber-VE activities. In experimental approach, the results from the dataset showed that the profiling framework is capable to profile Cyber-VE activities. In expert view, the results showed that the proposed profiling framework able to identify the activities that related to Cyber-VE attack. These findings will be used in helping the investigators in identifying any activities that related to Cyber-VE attack and help in profiling Cyber-VE attack.
Keywords:	Cyber Violent Extremism (Cyber-VE), Dark Web, Profiling Framework, Traces Classification, Criminology Theory
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31^st August 2018 -- Vol. 96. No. 16 -- 2018
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