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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
April 2022 | Vol. 100 No.07

Title:	POLAR CODE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR HIGH-SPEED WIRELESS DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Author:	LYDIA SARI , YESSI KARTINI GULTOM , SYAH ALAM3, INDRA SURJATI
Abstract:	Polar code is the first channel code proven to reach Shannon capacity and is proposed for use in high-speed data communication system. However, the use of independent Polar code with a finite number of bits shows poor performance compared to earlier codes, namely Turbo and Tail-biting Convolutional codes. In this study, the Polar code is equipped with the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC-11) code and the Succesive Cancellation List (SCL) decoder according to the recommendations in the 5G System Specifications. The code performance is analyzed for a limited number of bits, using BLER and Es/N0 as performance parameters. The number of bits of information encoded in this study were 32 and 64 bits, while the number of bits in the codeword were 432, 864, and 1728 bits, so that the code performance for short blocks of information and codewords can be observed. The list sizes on the decoder are 1, 2, and 4. The simulation results show that the simulated code allows communication to take place with the value of Es / N0 in the range -11.5 dB to -1.8 dB to achieve Block Error Rate (BLER) 10- 2. This shows that a Polar code equipped with a CRC code and an SCL decoder has a good performance for a limited number of bits.
Keywords:	5G, CRC, SCL decoder, Polar Code
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	STUDYING ADDITIONAL LOSSES OF STANDARD G.652 OPTICAL FIBER WITH PROTECTIVE CLADDING DURING MULTIPLE BENDING TO DEVELOP WEIGHT CONTROL SENSOR
Author:	ALIYA ALKINA, ALI MEKHTIYEV, YELENA NESHINA, TANSAULE SERIKOV, PERIZAT MADI, KANIBEK SANSYZBAY, ALEXEY YURCHENKO
Abstract:	The article deals with developing an alternative to fiber-optic data transmission lines. One of the problems of telecommunication systems of the Republic of Kazakhstan operation is considered attenuation of signals in FTT data transmission systems. The main idea of using optical fiber of the G.652-656 standard, which is sufficiently sensitive to bends, has been described. Local enterprises have mastered the production of fiber-optic cables and patch cords based on the G.652 standard. Bending causes a loss of the light wave power, changes the phase of propagation of the mode and leads to signal attenuation, in which case users cannot work normally in the Internet. In this article, various types of microbends have been simulated. Microbending of a small radius optical fiber will damage it. This situation arises when the technology of installing a fiber-optic cable is violated. There have been carried out studies aimed at obtaining new scientific results related to the construction of characteristics of additional losses arising from the bending of an optical fiber depending on the number of angles, their degree and the wavelength of optical radiation. Conclusions have been drawn on the further use for the development of sensors based on the control of additional losses during microbending, as well as the development of systems for protecting information transmitted over fiber-optic lines. The studies are aimed at developing software for the numerical calculation of additional losses with an estimate of the accuracy of constructing an approximation according to the given parameters: the number of bends, the angle and wavelength of optical radiation propagating along the fiber core.
Keywords:	Optical Fiber, Signal Attenuation, Microbending, Photoelastic Effect, Light Wave, Mode Propagation Phase, Radius, Methods And Means Of Protection, Additional Losses.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	MULTI-CRITERIAL OPTIMIZATION COMPOSITION OF CYBER SECURİTY CIRCUITS BASED ON GENETİC ALGORITHM
Author:	LAKHNO V. , AKHMETOV B. , MOHYLNYI H.3, BLOZVA A. , CHUBAIEVSKYI V. , KRYVORUCHKO O. , DESIATKO A.
Abstract:	The article proposes a method of multicriteria optimization (MCO) of costs for an information security system (SIS) of an informatization object (OBI). The technique is based on the use of the genetic algorithm (hereinafter GA) VEGA (Vector Evaluated Genetic Algorithm). The modified algorithm for solving the problem of multicriteria optimization of the parameters of the OBI multi-loop SIS allows substantiating the rational characteristics of the DSS components, taking into account the priority cybersecurity metrics of the OBI selected by the expert. Unlike the existing classical VEGA algorithm, the modified algorithm additionally applies the Pareto principle, as well as a new selection mechanism.
Keywords:	İnformation Protection, Cybersecurity, Protection Circuits, Multi-Criteria Optimization, Genetic Algorithm
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	COMPUTATIONAL AND INTELLIGENT OPTIMIZATION TUNING METHOD FOR PID CONTROLLER
Author:	ROSALIA H. SUBRATA , FERRIANTO GOZALI , ENDANG DJUANA
Abstract:	Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control systems are quite common in the commercial, institutional, industrial plants and many real-life applications due to their advantages over other kind of controllers. Proper application and tuning of PID parameters can provide many benefits and increase process efficiency. However, improper implementation, due to lack of understanding and poor tuning processes, are often be the main cause behind many problems. Conventional PID tuning methods can’t meet the demands as the system becomes more and more complex due to trial and error approach, therefore a more systematic and automated approach is needed. This paper discusses the background and theory behind PID controller and bring a clear understanding how to perform tuning process for PID controllers and presents computational and intelligent optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution used to make the control deviation of step response close to zero, have faster response and smaller or even without overshoot. Through literature survey from existing publications, several issues related to the implementation of the PID controller to enhance the performance of such as model plant development, parameter setting, control characteristics expected and tuning processes are discussed and summarized. The conclusion is that computational and intelligent optimization tuning method produce less overshoot, shorter rise and settling time and less errors in system responses, therefore producing more optimal tuning and at the end more optimal system performance.
Keywords:	PID Parameter, Computational Method, Tuning Optimization.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	FORENSIC ANALYSIS ON DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK ON IOT ENVIRONMENT
Author:	HAFIZUDDIN SHAHRIL FADZIL, ZUL-AZRI IBRAHIM, FIZA ABDUL RAHIM, SAIFUL AMIN SHARUL NIZAM, HARIS ISKANDAR MOHD ABDULLAH, MUHAMMAD ZULHUSNI MUSTAFFA
Abstract:	The Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a malicious attempt to render the users unable to access a server service, usually by temporarily disabling or suspending its hosting server services. With the increase popularity of IoT devices such as the massive deployment of smart meter in Advance Metering Infrastructure, can create a situation where attacker can launch a DDoS attack in this environment. This work will focus on analyzing the impact of DDoS attack in AMI by performing data analysis from DDoS attacks that performed from IoT testbed. The testbed is use as a platform to perform the testing using multiple variation of DDoS attacks that can be launch from IoT devices. It also helps the system detect any DDoS attacks against IoT devices by tracking any abnormalities in the communication inside the testbed and connected IoT devices.
Keywords:	Internet of Things (IoT), IoT testbed, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	FORECASTING OF CORRECTION СODES CHARACTERISTICS TO COUNTERACT NETWORK CHANNEL OVERLOADS
Author:	EVGENY O. KARPUKHIN1 , KONSTANTIN V. MESHAVKIN
Abstract:	In various data transmission systems, often there are situations when one of the nodes is less productive or more overloaded than the others. Where this node is the only one on the way to data recipients, there is a strong slowdown in data transmission from sources to recipients, and some packets begin to be lost when a certain high load level is reached. The described situations are characterized by a load on the channel without strong variations in intensity and without the threat of a complete shutdown of the system, where the use of coding can have high efficiency. As a method of protection, we chose the reaction method, based on the use of correction codes that are able to restore lost packets due to the occurrence of congestion in the networks. At the same time, due to the variability in the intensity of the data flow in the channel in real systems, in order to reduce the overhead costs when using encoding and generally increase the data transfer rate, it is necessary to choose the data transfer mode (in some cases, encoding will not be more effective than a simple mechanism for re-requesting lost packets) and to determine the code parameters depending on the average probability of packet loss in the channel, which will be sufficient to restore all lost packets. In both cases, it was decided to choose the parameters of the correction code by predicting certain characteristics of the data transmission channel. These characteristics are the average delay between two packets in the channel and the queue load p. After comparing the simulation results with the optimal indicators for a similar system, the high efficiency of the method under consideration was revealed, which suggests that it will provide significant resistance to moderate loads in the channel.
Keywords:	Noise-Resistant Coding, Information Interaction, Overload Protection, Telecommunications Systems and Networks.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	CONTRIBUTING FACTORS FOR STUDENT PERCEPTION TO USE E-LEARNING SYSTEMS
Author:	RAGAD M TAWAFAK , IBRAHIM YAUSSEF ALYOUSSEF , WALEED MUGAHED AL-RAHMI , SOHAIL IQBAL MALIK
Abstract:	E-learning is considered an effective approach within higher education institutions. However, e-learning is faced with several problems such as e-learning engagement challenges, and limited types of developed models used that affect students' continuity use of e-learning. This research argues how the learning takes place; the conceptual acceptance model construction factors needed for contributing factors. The deployment of factors includes the support assessment, behaviour intention, and student perceptions that e-learning systems validate learners' learning outcomes such as effectiveness, academic performance, student satisfaction, and continuity to use. This study aims to find the contributing factors that affect the continuity to use e-learning systems. The model was developed of 11 construction relationships tested by the PLS-SEM program. A survey was constructed and distributed among 95 participants from Al-Buraimi University College, Oman (BUC). The research mentioned all hypotheses with significant remarks that supported the proposed model impact. This research combined two e-learning systems TAM and ECT models for e-learning system continuity.
Keywords:	Contributing factors, ECT, TAM, PLS-SEM, E-learning.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	A NEW OPTIMIZED MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH FOR EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATIONS IN CURRICULUM VITAE
Author:	SAFIA BAALI, HICHAM MOUTACHAOUEK, ABDELAZIZ MARZAK , IBRAHIM HAMZANE
Abstract:	The hiring process has evolved It refers to the process of finding, selecting and recruiting new employees to a company/organisation through CVs. We have presented in this paper a solution in the form of an automated and flexible system to extract vital information from unstructured CVs and transform it into a structured format and then use it in a recommendation system according to the available positions.
Keywords:	CV; Machine Learning; Information extraction; NLP; Recommendation system.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	DEVELOPING AN INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR PREDICTING BANKRUPTCY
Author:	SAMAR ALY, MARCO ALFONSE, MOHAMED I. ROUSHDY, ABDEL-BADEEH M. SALEM
Abstract:	Bankruptcy prediction is a very important metric for making economic decisions. It is a very critical element in credit risk analysis. Machine learning based classifiers have been heavily utilized in predicting bankruptcy. In terms of machine learning, predicting bankruptcy with imbalanced dataset is a very big challenge. Despite the current existing models for bankruptcy prediction, finding a model that achieves a high-performance measurement with imbalanced datasets is still an interesting point of research. The reason behind this challenge is the fact that imbalanced dataset leads to misclassification results. This paper aims to develop a robust machine learning based model for predicting bankruptcy with solving imbalanced dataset problem. Four different re-sampling strategies were applied to solve the imbalanced class distribution problem based on three popular datasets. The used datasets were downloaded from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository. The developed model based on different single and ensemble machine learning classifiers. The overall experimental results showed that the best performance of the developed model with the Polish dataset was 97% for accuracy and 95.4% for AUC (Area Under the Curve). Moreover, the best performance with the Australian dataset was 88.4% for accuracy and 92% for AUC. And the best performance with the German dataset was 81.5% for accuracy and 83.4% for AUC ratio.
Keywords:	Bankruptcy prediction, Artificial Intelligence, Ensemble Techniques, Machine Learning Techniques, Imbalanced Dataset
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	FACIAL EMOTION RECOGNITION ON FER2013 USING VGGSPINALNET
Author:	BAMBANG EKO SANTOSO, GEDE PUTRA KUSUMA
Abstract:	Facial Emotion Recognition is a part of human-computer interaction research whose results can be applied to society, ranging from social robots to accompany elderly to video games that adjust the level of difficulty based on the player's facial expressions. Many researchers attempt to create models for better accuracy with deep learning techniques, especially using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) that perform well in pattern recognition and image processing. This research adopts the state-of-the-art models in ImageNet and modifies the classification layer with SpinalNet and ProgressiveSpinalNet architecture to improve the accuracy. The classification is performed on the dataset FER2013, which is openly shared to the public in Kaggle contains over 35.000 face image datasets for seven distinct emotions. After finishing the training process and finetuning its hyperparameter, the resulting model with SpinalNet and ProgressiveSpinalNet outperformed all the existing single standalone model research on FER2013. One of the proposed architectures, VGGSpinalNet, has achieved the highest single network accuracy of 74.45%.
Keywords:	Facial Emotion Recognition, FER2013 Dataset, VGG Model, SpinalNet, ProgressiveSpinalNet
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN ENTERPRISES
Author:	ZHANAT ABDUGULOVA, ZHULDYZ TASHENOVA, ELMIRA NURLYBAEVA, AMANDOS TULEGULOV, DASTAN YERGALIYEV
Abstract:	The article proposes to develop software to protect against the spread of personal information through information channels. The research paper considers the classification and channels of information dissemination, the concept of functioning of DLP systems, the analysis of the concept of DLP systems and their types, the development of a DLP system and its comparison with similar types. At the same time, the task of creating information security is envisaged, to solve which the information system of the enterprise is characterized by threats to information security and requirements for the information security protection system. General problems of the functioning of DLP systems, their role and features of use are considered, and a comparative overview of existing software products is provided. This article is devoted to the development of an additional subsystem that prevents the leakage of confidential information, in particular, as part of the analysis of network packets at border communication nodes.
Keywords:	Data Leak Prevention System, Printer (LPT), Modem (COM) Ports, Datascanner, SMS Services
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	HYBRID CRYPTOSYSTEM USING ELGAMAL ALGORITHM AND BEAUFORT CIPHER ALGORITHM FOR DATA SECURITY
Author:	HANDRIZAL, FAUZAN NURAHMADI, SILVIA DEWI SIREGAR
Abstract:	Exchanging information is very important in our public. We often exchange information in the form of files with the .docx extension. To maintain the security of the information, it is necessary to have a data security system. In this study, a data security solution for string data is given by using cryptography. The Hybrid Cryptosystem method will be applied to the ElGamal Algorithm and the Beaufort Cipher Algorithm to provide a high level of information security. Beaufort Cipher Algorithm will be used to encrypt and decrypt files with .docx extension and ElGamal Algorithm will be used for Beaufort Cipher’s key encryption and decryption process. The results of this study indicate that the processing time required encryption and decryption process in the Beaufort Cipher Algorithm and ElGamal Algorithm is linearly compared to the length of the character in the file. The times required for the encryption process in both algorithms are longer than the time required for the decryption process.
Keywords:	Cryptography, Hybrid Cryptosystem, ElGamal, Beaufort Cipher.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF UWB PATCH ANTENNA WITH VARIABLE BAND NOTCHED USING RING-SHAPED SLITS
Author:	M.M. HASAN MAHFUZ, MD RAFIQUL ISLAM, CHAN-WANG PARK, MOHAMED HADI HABAEBI, NAZMUS SAKIB
Abstract:	ASEAN countries have recently proposed the frequency band (4.5–5.5) GHz for fifth generation (5G) cellular communication, which necessitates the creation of an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna to accommodate the band-notched function. To describe the compact shape of a UWB antenna in the context of 5G application, this article has introduced a variable notched resonant characteristic at 5G lower band. A tuning fork radiating patch with a simple defected ground plane structure was used to create the UWB antenna. In order to create the band-notched criteria, a pair of ring-shaped slits (RSS) has been applied to the ground plane. This antenna has achieved a huge bandwidth from 2.9 GHz to 11 GHz and an extremely low VSWR less than 2. It appears that the antenna covers all frequencies except for notched frequency bands at lower 5G band (4.5–5.5) GHz. The antenna has been archived a peak gain of 5 dBi for UWB, but the notched frequency band produces less than -1 dBi. The notched-band can be shifted gradually in response to changes in the different positions of RSS’s along the vertical axis, resulting capability to design for variable band-notched characteristics. The preliminary design was presented in [19]. The complete design is fabricated and tested and presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is small, with a surface area of 45×34 mm2, making it ideal for 5G lower band application.
Keywords:	Microstrip Patch Antenna, UWB, RSS, 5G Lower Band, Variable Band-Notched
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATION SYSTEM BASED ON MICROSERVICES USING DOMAIN-DRIVEN DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Author:	MUHAMAD FADHLY, AHMAD NURUL FAJAR
Abstract:	The Tangerang Government's development planning process is currently running well, however, it is still constrained by the length of time it takes to input basic data and poor data accuracy by manually inputting data. The applications involved in providing basic data are still fragmented. So the data is not yet integrated, starting from planning, budgeting, accounting, monitoring and reporting. This study proposes a system integration that is in accordance with the needs of the work plan reporting process in the monitoring and evaluation system. With this service based enterprise architecture, an integrated monitoring and evaluation system will be built. As a result, an architectural enterprise based on Microservices will be built that can perform data integration lightly and quickly using the Domain-Driven Design method approach which is considered suitable and appropriate for designing architecture in the performance monitoring and evaluation system of Tangerang City.
Keywords:	Enterprise Architecture, Integration System, Microservices, Domain-Driven Design, Tangerang City
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	MULTI-OBJECTIVE RIDER BASED ELEPHANT HERD OPTIMIZATION FOR SPECTRAL UNMIXING OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES
Author:	RAJA NATARAJAN, VADIVEL RAMASAMY
Abstract:	Spectral unmixing (SU) is used for the identification of the end members and fractional abundances present in the mixed pixels of the hyperspectral images that are rich in data. The traditional methods for spectral unmixing are affected with the artifacts requiring the effective method for spectral unmixing. Thus, the paper uses an effective framework for Spectral unmixing using the proposed Rider based Elephant Herd Optimization (R-EHO). The proposed Rider based Elephant Herd Optimization estimates the fractional abundance using the end members and proposed Rider based Elephant Herd Optimization is the integration of the standard Elephant Herd optimization (EHO) in the Rider Optimization algorithm (ROA). The proposed optimization uses the multi-objective function that is modelled using the factors, such as Reconstruction Error (RSE), sparsity (SPA), spatial neighbor (SNI), and spatial neighbour correlation (SNC), and mutual information. The analysis is progressed using the Urban and Cuprite datasets based on the performance metrics, Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE), Reconstruction Error (RE) and it is proved that the proposed R-EHO acquired the minimal RE and minimal RMSE of 13.8576 and 0.0011, respectively.
Keywords:	Optimization, Spectral Unmixing, Hyperspectral Images, End Components, Fractional Abundances
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE E-FILLING USAGE IN INDONESIA: AN EXTENSION OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL AND THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR
Author:	HENWY WIBOWO, TUGA MAURITSIUS
Abstract:	This study will analyze the factors that can influence taxpayers in using e-filing. The research model framework will use the Technology Acceptance Model extension and the Theory of Planned Behavior external variable. The model will be analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Based on the method, SEM is a combination of factorial analysis and simultaneous equation modeling. The population in this study is taxpayers in Indonesia, and the sampling technique used is probability sampling, where the data are obtained from 431 respondents. The research results show that the level of use of e-filing can be predicted through behavioral intention to use. On the other hand, behavioral intention to use can be predicted through perceived usefulness, interpersonal influence, self-efficacy, and controllability. However, behavioral intention to use cannot be predicted by attitude towards using and external influence.
Keywords:	Indonesian Taxation, Technology Acceptance Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	UNDERSTANDING USER SATISFACTION IN USING MOBILE-BASED BEAUTY AND SKINCARE E-COMMERCE APPLICATION IN INDONESIA
Author:	SHANIA IRENE APPOLITA SUSANTI, TUGA MAURITSIUS
Abstract:	The internet is currently an essential need for Indonesian people. Mainly because of the covid-19 pandemic that makes activities must be done remotely, including shopping. One of the best-selling products purchased online during a pandemic is beauty and skincare. In Indonesia, there is one special e-commerce application widely used and quite famous by the people of Indonesia who sell beauty and skincare products. However, not a few are still dissatisfied with using the application. This research aims to describe factors affecting user satisfaction in using beauty and skincare e-commerce applications in Indonesia. This research model adopts and modifies the ISSM model by DeLone and Mclean, TAM, and the Trust. SEM-PLS is also used to analyze the results of a survey collected by 185 respondents to validate the hypothesized model practically. User satisfaction in using beauty and skincare e-commerce applications depends on system quality, information quality, service quality, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust. In the end, the results showed that trust, perceived usefulness, and system quality has a significant direct relationship to user satisfaction. In addition, perceived ease of use and user satisfaction has a significant relationship with completely mediated by perceived usefulness.
Keywords:	E-Commerce, ISSM DeLone & McLean, Technology Acceptence Model (TAM), Trust, User Satisfaction, Modeling, SEM-PLS
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	USER ACCEPTANCE ANALYSIS OF THE E-HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM USING UTAUT2 METHOD
Author:	FARIZ HAIKAL, NIKEN KUSUMANING TYAS , XENA DIVA FELCIA , TANTY OKTAVIA, DAVID SUNDARAM
Abstract:	E-health is an application that focuses on community services that offer services in the health sector. Since the Covid-19 pandemic, e-health applications have experienced an increase in users. The objective of this study was to determine what factors influenced the level of acceptability of e-health applications. The findings of this study indicated the most important aspects, such as the application's success rate and improved e-health application performance. Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2) was the research model used. The online questionnaires in the form of survey were distributed and addressed for the e-health application users in Jakarta, Indonesia. PLS-SEM was used for analyzing the data and it involved 190 respondents on the survey. The result showed that the 10 hypotheses proposed, there is 5 hypotheses declared significant or accepted and others declared not significant or rejected.
Keywords:	E-Health, User Acceptance, UTAUT2, PLS-SEM, Covid-19
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED PEOPLE INTEND TO REPURCHASE IN ONE OF THE TOP INDONESIAN E-COMMERCE WITH UNICORN STATUS
Author:	DWIEKO SETIORINI, NILO LEGOWO
Abstract:	One of the e-commerce sites with unicorn status and placing the top 3 most visitors turned out to have the highest number of complaints compared to other e-commerce related to trust, poor service, and user disappointment with the e-commerce. Therefore, this study aims to determine what factors influence the repurchase intention of users on one of this e-commerce, which is intended to determine the intention of the user to make a repurchase. The model used in this study is a modification and amalgamation of previous research models, which are in line with this research. By reviewing the literature review and the existing problems, the relevant variables to use are E-Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Trust, and Repurchase Intention. After distributing the questionnaire to the e-commerce users online were 125 respondents whose data were processed and analyzed using SMART-PLS software. It was found that from the six hypotheses developed. There were five hypotheses that were approved and one that was rejected. As previously shown, the trust variable does not have a substantial association with repurchase intention. Meanwhile, the variables of e-service quality and customer satisfaction have a significant positive effect on repurchase intention. In addition, the e-service quality variable also has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction and trust. Besides that, the relationship between e-service quality and customer satisfaction has the most significant relationship compared to other hypothetical relationships. Finally, the customer satisfaction variable has a significant positive effect on repurchase intention.
Keywords:	E-commerce, Repurchase Intention, E-Service Quality, Trust, Customer Satisfaction.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	A FULLY DISTRIBUTED SECURE APPROACH USING NONDETERMINISTIC ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE SECURITY IN CLOUD
Author:	SRINU. BANOTHU, A. GOVARDHAN, KARNAM. MADHAVI
Abstract:	Database-as-a-Service is one of the prime services provided by Cloud Computing. It provides data storage and management services to individuals, enterprises and organizations on pay and uses basis. In which any enterprise or organization can outsource its databases to the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and query the data whenever and wherever required through any devices connected to the internet. The advantage of this service is that enterprises or organizations can reduce the cost of establishing and maintaining infrastructure locally. However, there exist some database security, privacy challenges and query performance issues to access data, to overcome these issues, in our recent research, developed a database security model using a deterministic encryption scheme, which improved query execution performance and database security level. As this model is implemented using a deterministic encryption scheme, it may suffer from chosen plain text attack, to overcome this issue. In this paper, we proposed a new model for cloud database security using nondeterministic encryption, order preserving encryption, homomorphic encryption and database distribution schemes, and our proposed model supports execution of queries with equality check, range condition and aggregate operations on encrypted cloud database without decryption. This model is more secure with optimal query execution performance.
Keywords:	Cloud Computing, Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS), Cloud Service Provider (CSP), Database Security, encryption.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	ETHEREUM-INSPIRED ACCESS MANAGEMENT ACCOUNT CONTROL FOR A SECURED DECENTRALIZED CLOUD STORAGE
Author:	HALA A. ALBAROODI, MOHAMMED ANBAR
Abstract:	The exponential increase of data storage in cloud computing has raise issues in term of data security and privacy due to data are usually stored on the cloud server ciphertext from. When a user requests access to the encrypted data, an access key distributed by a third party is needed. However, if the third party is not trusted, the security of the system will be threatened easily. Therefore, this paper proposes an approach of blockchain based access management account control to enhance cloud storage security. The proposed approach is a combination of Ethereum Blockchain Contract Accounts (CA) and ciphertext encryption policy and it consists of two main stages. First, access control as the creation and invocation of each contract can be stored in the Blockchain, thus, the function of the trace is achieved. Second, data storage; where the data owner can store ciphertext policy of data in a Blockchain network. In the Blockchain technique data owner can set valid access periods for data usage so that the ciphertext can only be decrypted during valid access periods. Finally, the analysis of the security and experiment shows that proposed approach is feasible in securing the cloud storage.
Keywords:	Security; Blockchain; Cloud Computing, Software as a Services (SaaS), Data Storage, keystor, Accounts Manager, Cloud Storage Security.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	A HEURISTIC NOVEL APPROACH FOR DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL EPSILON FOR DBSCAN CLUSTERING ALGORITHM
Author:	HASSAN SAYED RAMADAN, HUDA AMIN MAGHAWRY, MOHAMMED EL-ELEAMY, KHALED EL-BAHNASY
Abstract:	Clustering algorithms for identifying, and defining patterns between data elements. There are various types of clustering, and each type has different clustering algorithms. Each clustering algorithm has its applications, and requires parameter(s) to start the algorithm. These parameters are like a challenge to researchers to find the optimal values of parameters, or even close enough to get satisfying clustering results. Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) is one of these clustering algorithms. Epsilon is one of its parameters, and most of researchers choose it randomly. Therefore, the objective of this work is to propose a heuristic approach to find the optimal epsilon for DBSCAN clustering algorithm. The concept of this approach is to repeat DBSCAN many times, and each time it calculates a different epsilon value till it finds the optimal epsilon. Finding the optimal epsilon depends on evaluating clusters each time, and of course optimal epsilon has the best evaluation scores. Proposed approach uses the root mean square standard deviation (RMSSTD), and the R-squared (RS) to evaluate clusters. We run the proposed approach on three benchmark different dimensional datasets. Also, we used Silhouette index to validate the clustering results of the proposed approach. The proposed approach was successfully able to find the optimal epsilon for all three datasets.
Keywords:	DBSCAN, Optimal Epsilon, Clustering, RMSSTD, RS, Silhouette
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON ENHANCING RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM BY ELIMINATING DATA SPARSITY
Author:	DAPHNE BUNGA DWIPUTRIANE, ZURAIDA ABAL ABAS, NANNA SURYANA HERMAN
Abstract:	The aim of this project is to develop an approach using machine learning and matrix factorization to improve recommendation system. Nowadays, recommendation system has become an important part of our lives. It has helped us to make our decision-making process easier and faster as it could recommend us products that are similar with our taste. These systems can be seen everywhere such as online shopping or browsing through film catalogues. Unfortunately, the system still has its weakness where it faced difficulty in recommending products if there are insufficient reviews left by the users on products. It is difficult for the system to recommend said products because it is difficult to pinpoint what kind of users would be interested in the products. Research studies have used matrix factorization as the standard to solve this issue but lately, machine learning has come up as a good alternative to solve data sparsity. This project compares results of the recommendation system using RMSE to see how each proposed methods performs using three different datasets from MovieLens. We have selected two models – matrix factorization with SVD and deep learning-based model to evaluate these approaches and understand why they are popular solution to data sparsity. We have found that SVD brought in a lower RMSE as compared to deep learning. The reason behind this was discussed in the latter chapter of this thesis. We have also found possible research in capitalising categorical variables in recommendation system and the experiment achieved a lower RMSE score as compared to SVD and deep learning, showing the many possibilities of the future directions of the research in recommendation system.
Keywords:	Recommendation System, SVD, Matrix Factorization, Deep Learning, Data Sparsity
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	SPECTRAL UNMIXING WITH HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES: A MULTI-OBJECTIVE LION OPTIMIZATION APPROACH
Author:	RAJA NATARAJAN, VADIVEL RAMASAMY
Abstract:	Spectral unmixing is an important phase in interpreting hyperspectral images to estimate the endmembers and their corresponding fractional abundances from the mixed pixels. Sparse unmixing approach is one among the promising spectral unmixing methods; however, noises impair hyperspectral images, indicating that the sparse unmixing model's performance getting degraded. This study uses a multi-objective lion optimization technique for spectral unmixing from hyperspectral satellite images to extract fractional abundances of valid endmembers from mixed pixels. To estimate the fractional abundances of each endmember, the proposed approach defines a multi-objective function which includes Euclidean and Frobenius norms and optimization variables that are associated with the abundance and mixing matrices. Based on the lion’s social behaviors, the optimization function uses pride generation for finding solutions, mating for generating new solutions, territorial takeover and territorial defense to identify and remove worse solution by introducing a new optimum solution. The major objectives used in the objective functions are Spatial Neighbor, Sparsity, and Reconstruction Error. The proposed technique's performance is evaluated using Urban and Cuprite datasets with 06 and 12 endmembers respectively. In the investigations, the proposed methodology outperformed the Bilinear and Trilinear Multi-Objective Spectral Unmixing, Robust Collaborative Nonnegative Matrix Factorization, Pareto-Multi-Objective Spectral Unmixing, and Rider Optimization methods in estimating the enhanced endmembers and their corresponding fractional abundances with lower reconstruction error and root mean square error values of 119.11 and 0.0904, respectively.
Keywords:	Spectral Unmixing, Hyperspectral Images, Multi-Objective Optimization, Endmembers
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	DENIAL OF SERVICE CLASSIFICATION ON MESSAGE QUEUEING TELEMETRY TRANSPORT PROTOCOL AT INDONESIA OIL SERVICES COMPANY
Author:	GRENDY E ALIANDY, RIYANTO JAYADI
Abstract:	In Indonesia, adopting the Internet of Things (IoT) platform, which employs the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol as a communication system, is growing. Most IoT systems lack adequate security mechanisms, and MQTT is vulnerable to various attack scenarios. Despite these security mechanisms being inefficient for low-power devices, MQTT’s standard security is SSL/TLS. DoS attacks, which are a sort of MQTT protocol attack, have the potential to damage the entire IoT infrastructure. This attack can cause serious effects, such as data transmission interruptions, server inaccessibility, and tool monitoring in real-time. Based on data from attacks on IoT systems in Indonesian oil services organizations and data from prior studies, this research aims to find the most accurate machine learning system. This method assumes that a stack of machine learning algorithms can efficiently detect DoS attacks. According to the findings, the stacked ensemble approach has a 99.6489 percent accuracy rate in identifying attacks. We present a systematic approach for detecting attacks on IoT platforms in this study. This paper’s approach is intended to serve as a standard for detecting DoS in MQTT-based IoT systems.
Keywords:	IoT, MQTT, Machine learning, DoS attack, Stacked ensemble
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEARNING METHODS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Author:	MARYAM AHMAD, NOREEN IZZA ARSHAD, ALIZA BT SARLAN
Abstract:	Analyzing students' academic performance in online learning to improve the overall quality and effectiveness of education has been one of the main focuses of Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). A practical analysis utilizing the academic performance data to improve the quality of online learning has become a vital issue urgently required to guide HEIs for the improvement of the academic performance of students. The changes affected in the Covid-19 framework have affected the academic performance of students and educators. This study aims to summarize the various aspects of educational data mining and how it can be utilized to improve the teaching process. Using EDM, the study analyzed students' academic performance for the past five years. It focused on the various learning methods that the students used. The study provided a detailed analysis of the multiple attributes that influenced the students' academic performance. We presented 12 out of 56 papers/documents that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria of students' academic performance based on the educational setting. This study revealed that the most commonly used methods for assessing students' academic performance are not done in the face-to-face learning method.
Keywords:	Data Mining Techniques, Academic Performance, Attributes, Variables, Learning Methods
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	AN ADAPTIVE EMERGENCY VEHICLE SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
Author:	MOHAMED GAMAL, AMAL F. A. EL-GAWAD , AMANY ABDELSAMEA, ISRAA MOHAMED
Abstract:	This paper proposes an algorithm that efficiently handles the management of emergency vehicles in a congestion area. The proposed approach utilizes the Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest possible path for the emergency vehicle to reach its destination. The proposed approach uses smart detectors to monitor and manage real-time traffic data. Aside from traffic flow understanding, detectors can track vehicles IDs and prioritize emergency vehicles. The paper introduces a flexible, adaptive, distributed traffic control system that efficiently processes data collected from smart detectors to control traffic signals in a way that minimizes emergency vehicle response time. Experimental results show that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of- the-art of the average response time and the routing of emergency vehicles in a congestion area.
Keywords:	Traffic Signal; Emergency Vehicles; Smart City; Smart Traffic Management System
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	STEGANOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR RESERVING HIDDEN INFORMATION BASED ON EDGE EXTRACTION OPERATORS
Author:	AYMAN M MANSOUR, NASHAT AL BDOUR
Abstract:	The paper investigates the steganographic method for introducing secret messages into a container represented by the image. The research task is improving of the reliability of message storage in the event of various image distortions after transmission over a communication channel. To solve this problem, a preliminary division of the container image in a form of sectors was used. In the developed method, each sector is embedding the same secret message. The geometric shape of each sector can be different, and it depends on the distribution of the selected pixels into which the message is embedded. Pixel selection is carried out in this paper using edge pixel selection operators in the image, such as: Roberts, Sobel and Prewitt operators. For each container image, there is a different distribution of the extracted pixels and a different number in each sector. Therefore, the size of the secret message is limited to the sector in which the smallest number of extracted pixels is present. The bits of the secret message in each sector are distributed differently since the extracted pixels in each sector differ in their location. In case of destruction of a part of the container image, the secret message is saved in the remaining parts, which include non-destroyed sectors. To embed bits, the shape of the initial container, the geometric shape and location of the sectors, as well as the method for extracting pixels is required to be known. The developed method was tested using different images and the achieved performance was excellent with accuracy 92%.
Keywords:	Steganography, Image, Container, Embedded Message, Edge Pixel Extraction Operator.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	OLDER ADULT’S ACCEPTANCE OF ONLINE SHOPPING (DIGITAL MARKETING): EXTENDED UTAUT MODEL WITH COVID 19 FEAR
Author:	BILAL ENEIZAN, FATHI ALSHARE, ODAI ENAIZAN, MARWAN AL-SALAYMEH, RA'D ALMESTARIHI, ASHRAF SALEH
Abstract:	The present work aims to examine the factors that influence the online shopping acceptance by older adults during pandemic in Jordan. The current study employees the Unified Theory of Acceptance along with a new variable i.e. COVID-19 fear. The study was conduct on a sample of 274 respondents from Jordan. The data analysis was performed using the variance approach of SEM i.e. the partial least square. The SmartPLS3 software was used for the validity check of the model and analysing the path coefficients. The result shows that older adults’ online shopping acceptance was significantly influenced by social influence, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and COVID 19 fear. The research model found 76.2% of the variance in BI, which influences five construct i.e. PE, EE, SI, FC, and covid 19 fear. Furthermore, this study contributes to the literature in the context of validating a model of the study that highlights the factor of acceptance of online shopping by older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords:	Older Adults, Online Shopping, Digital Marketing, UTAUT, COVID 19 Fear
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	COMPARISON OF VARIOUS CONDUCTION MODES FOR THREE-PHASE INVERTER
Author:	KRISMADINATA KRISMADINATA1, IRMA HUSNAINI1, ASNIL ASNIL1, REMON LAPISA, ROSLI OMAR
Abstract:	The root mean square (RMS) and totol harmonic distortion (THD) percentage of voltage and current generated by the inverter greatly determines the power quality of the inverter. This paper recount to analysis theorical and investigate the effect of different conduction modes on the power quality of a three-phase voltage source inverter. The design and employment of an Arduino based on the gate pulse generation technique to fire three-phase voltage source inverter’s various conduction modes is also discussed. The firing of angles comprising of 1200, 1800, and 1500 in conduction modes are comprised. The studies of various waveforms output voltage generated from various conduction modes, RMS voltage at fundamental frequencies, THD percentage are also included in this paper. Matlab/Simulink software has been employed in order to validate the proven of the theories. Moreover, this work, then verified through an experimental prototype setup based on Arduino implementation. Finally, the results of simulation are good argument with the experimental results.
Keywords:	Three-phase inverter, Conduction Mode, Fire of Angles, Arduino, THD
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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Title:	AUTOMATED DETECTION OF DESTRUCTIVE CONTENTS ON THE INTERNET USING DATA MINING AND MACHINE LEARNING METHODS
Author:	RYSKUL MEDETBEKOVA, ZLIKHA MAKHANOVA, BAYAN MYRZAKHMETOVA, AIGERIM TOKTAROVA, AIGUL IMANBAYEVA, KADRZHAN SHIYAPOV, GULNARA SEIDALIYEVA, GAUKHAR SEIDALIYEVA, NURBEK KONYRBAEV, RUSTAM ABDRAKHMANOV
Abstract:	In the context of ensuring the information and psychological security of society, the problem of uncontrolled growth of destructive content on the Internet is considered. Solving the problem of searching and identifying destructive information requires a minimum degree of subjectivity and maximum automation, since currently it is solved mainly by expert methods with the compilation of registers of prohibited sources. The existing search methods (expert processing, thematic search, intelligent data processing methods) used to find specific words in the text are considered, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are noted. To solve this problem, methods of data mining and machine learning are proposed to search for destructive content using the example of profanity in textual information. The proposed approach is distinguished by the possibility of self-completion of the dictionary by a system based on the judgment of the identification of an unfamiliar word classified as non-normative. The correctness of the dictionary replenishment is measured using different metrics. A detailed description of this study is presented, starting from data collection to classification and detection of destructive content. An example of the algorithm and the initial results of its testing are given.
Keywords:	Destructive Data, Security, Internet, Machine Learning, Detection, Natural Language Processing.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15^th April 2022 -- Vol. 100. No. 07 -- 2022
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