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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
March 2014 | Vol. 61 No.3

Title:	FRAUD DETECTION IN CARD NOT PRESENT TRANSACTIONS BASED ON BEHAVIORAL PATTERN
Author:	RENUGA DEVI T, RABIYATHUL BASARIYA A, KAMALADEVI M
Abstract:	Rapid advancements in technology have imperative effect on consumerism. Technological advancements change the way the world operates. The shifting of customer buying patterns is made viable and sustainable through credit cards. Internet merchants are skeptical on Card Not Present transactions. Every advancement has its own intrinsic worth and frailties. Millions of credit card transactions are processed each day. Increases in online shoppers in turn provide more opportunities for credit card usage, which is directly proportional to commit deception. The dearth of tracking fraudulent credit card transactions is due to the increase in white-collar criminals. The way out to this problem is tracked by the behavioral pattern of the customer by implementing the Classifiers Naïve Bayesian and Random Forest to predict the legitimate and fraudulent patterns. The proposed method builds personalize and aggregate model to predict deceitful transactions. Since individual’s transactional behavior varies from one another, there comes the need for personalize and aggregate model. The aggregate model performs better than personalized model. Naive Bayesian approach attains best results for personalized model and Random Forest attains best results for aggregate model.
Keywords:	Transactional Behaviour, Fraud Patterns, Naive Bayesian Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Accuracy, Card Not Present Transactions (CNPT).
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	MDP: A PARADIGM FOR COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTATION IN MOBILE CLUSTER
Author:	AGHILA RAJAGOPAL, M.A. MALUK MOHAMED
Abstract:	The proposed work explores the interprocess communication across communicating parallel tasks in a mobile cluster. The process which is linked with specific mobile or static nodes will not be resilient to the changing conditions of the mobile cluster. The proposed Mobile Distributed Pipes (MDP) model enables the location independent intertask communication among the processes executing in static and mobile nodes. This novel approach enables the migration of communicating parallel tasks during runtime, which occurs according to the context and location requirements. A transparent programming model for a parallel solution to Iterative Mobile Grid Computations (IMGC) using MDP is also proposed. The proposed model is resilient to the heterogeneity of nodes such as static or mobile and the changing conditions in the mobile cluster because of mobility. The design of runtime and functional library support for the proposed model is also presented.
Keywords:	Location-independent(LI)communication, Mobile Grid Computation Problem (MGCP), Mobile Grid Computation Task (MGCT), Iterative Mobile Grid Computation (IMGC), Iterative Mobile Grid Module(IMGM), and Mobile Distributed Pipes (MDP).
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	IMAGE FUSION TECHNIQUES FOR IRIS AND PALMPRINT BIOMETRIC SYSTEM
Author:	S.ANU H NAIR, Dr.P.ARUNA
Abstract:	Image Fusion is a process of integrating multiple images into a single image.Biometric features are used to provide authentication and security of systems. This paper deals with a new work that implements fusion of biometric features like iris and palmprint. The iris and palmprint are transformed into the set of features independently. The extracted modalities are fused by different fusion algorithm techniques like the pyramid based algorithms and wavelet based algorithms. The quality of fused images is assessed using metrics such as Visual information fidelity, Qabf, Peak Signal Noise Ratio, Mutual Information, Mean Square Error, Normalized Absolute Error, Normal Correlation Coefficient, Cross entropy and Relative Warp. Comparative evaluation of fused images is a critical step to evaluate the relative performance of different image fusion methods. The fused template can be further used in applications like watermarking,person identification system.
Keywords:	Biometrics, Feature extraction,Fusion metrics, Image fusion, Peak Signal Noise Ratio(PSNR), Mutual Information(MI), Mean Square Error(MSE), Standard Deviation(SD), Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	AN APPROACH OF OPTIMISATION AND FORMAL VERIFICATION OF WORKFLOW PETRI NETS
Author:	OUTMAN EL HICHAMI, MOHAMMED AL ACHHAB, ISMAIL BERRADA, RACHID OUCHEIKH, BADR EDDINE EL MOHAJIR
Abstract:	In this paper, we are interested in the verification of Workflows (WF). WF are increasingly used for modeling and improving the quality of business processes (BP). In fact, the BP are becoming more complex because of the process nature which can be decomposed into sub-processes that run in parallel and/or sequentially. In this paper, we are particularly interested in verifying a class of properties known as response properties. Our second aim is to optimise the verification process of complex WF. Therefore, we first propose a method to compute and extract WFφ which is a part of WF concerned with the property φ to verify, and second we apply an abstraction method which optimises the size of WFφ. This optimisation is interesting so that the verification process can be done just on the optimise WFφ, and we deduce the preservation of the satisfaction of φ in WF.
Keywords:	Workflow Petri nets, response properties, abstraction, formal methods
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	MINIMIZING THE ROUTE REDISCOVERY PROCESS IN MANET
Author:	R. SENTHIL KUMAR, Dr. C. SURESHKUMAR
Abstract:	Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are characterized by dynamic topology without any static infrastructure. Now a day’s mobile devices are connected as a wireless node. Due to changes in topology and mobility in MANET, it is suitable to use in environment that need of on fly set-up. The design of energy efficient on-demand routing protocol is a very difficult task in mobile ad hoc networks. Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AODV) for manet were employed on the route discovery process to establish routes between two mobile nodes. The link break problem may be occurring by the nodes due to mobility in ad hoc routing protocol. In a network when nodes establishing the connection utilize more energy in route discovery process, then the node will be out of energy. In this paper, we proposed a novel method to Minimizing the Route Rediscovery Process based Protocol (MRRP) by scheming the RREQ packet to select the more stable route and reduce the link break. The proposed protocol has two schemes, Received Signal Strength(RSS) based to minimizing the route rediscover process and the optimization of flooding process , based on Time-to-Live (TTL) value , reducing route rediscovery process solution to accomplish the link failure. Simulation was done on ns-2.34 platform and compared with the original AODV. By verifying the results, it improves the effectiveness and network performance of Quality of Service (QoS).
Keywords:	MANET, MRRP, RREQ, RSS, TTL
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	AN EFFICIENT IMAGE DOWNSAMPLING TECHNIQUE USING GENETIC ALGORITHM AND DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM
Author:	N.JAGADEESAN, Dr.R.M.S PARVATHI
Abstract:	Digital images are used everywhere and it is easy to manipulate and edit because of availability of various image processing and editing software. Resizing the image to a lower resolution can alter the appearance of an image. It is useful at times to create a downsampled version of the image that gives the same impression as the original. There are many methods for image downsampling. In this paper, an efficient thresholding technique is used for image downsampling based on Discrete Wavelet Transforms and Genetic Algorithm. We have combined Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to make the image down sampling faster and to get adequate results. First the length of the histogram is reduced by using DWT. Using this reduced histogram, the number of thresholds and threshold value are determined by applying Genetic Algorithm. From the analysis of results, it can be concluded that the proposed method is fast and accurate.
Keywords:	Image Downsampling, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Motion Filter, Soft Thresholding.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ELIMINATION OF HARMONICS USING WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS
Author:	Dr.S.K.PURUSHOTHAMAN
Abstract:	In this paper we describe design and analysis of elimination of harmonics using wind energy conversion systems. Distortion of the voltage waveforms i.e. harmonics may cause overheating of neutral conductors and electrical distribution transformers, the malfunction of electronic equipment and the distortion of communication systems. Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) applied to wind energy conversion system (WECS) using variable speed operation is being used more frequently in wind turbine application. Variable speed systems have several advantages over the traditional method of operating wind turbines, such as the reduction of mechanical stress and an increase in energy capture. AC-DC converter is used to convert variable voltage from the DFIG to DC voltage, thereby producing DC power. The DC is converted back to AC that is appropriate for electrical utilizations in the grid. However, the use of converters introduces high intensity of low frequency current harmonic content into the power system. This leads to reduction in efficiency in WECS and also decreases the life span of the generator. A case study on a 9 MW wind turbine is used to explain Harmonic Mitigation in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion Systems. In this paper, harmonic voltage and current measurements performed at different points of a wind farm comprising six DFIG wind turbines are analyzed and their most important characteristics are discussed. It presents a comparative simulation study between with and without three phase harmonic filters applied to power system model connected to wind farm.
Keywords:	Harmonics, Wind Energy, Inverter, Voltage, Filters, Rectifiers
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	HUMAN SKIN DETECTION METHOD FOR SECRET IMAGE SHARING
Author:	Mr. N.SIVANESAN, Dr.S.MURUGAVALLI
Abstract:	This paper proposes a new data hiding technique which is based on the human skin segmentation and for that a reliable human skin detection method that is adaptable to different human skin colors and illumination conditions is essential. Even though several human skin detection methods have been successfully applied, but they are prone to false skin detection and are not able to cope with the variety of human skin colors across different ethnic. High computational cost is required for existing methods. A skin classifier defines a decision boundary in the color space based on a training database of skin-color pixels. A 2-D histogram with smoothened densities and a Gaussian model are used to model the skin and non skin distributions respectively. This is for the first time to employ fusion strategy for this purpose. The main objective of this proposed approach is to secure the data based on skin region. Secret data is embedded within skin region of image and that too in the high frequency sub bands that will provide an excellent secure location for data hiding. Additionally secret data embedding is performed using frequency domain approach - IWT (Integer Wavelet Transform), IWT outperforms than DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). Cropping results into an enhanced security because cropped region works as key at decoding side. Embedding is done based on singular value decomposition. And also satisfactory PSNR (Peak- Signal-to-Noise Ratio) is obtained.
Keywords:	2D-Histogram, Gaussian model, IWT, SVD, PSNR.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	ENERGY BASED ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS
Author:	DR.A.RAJARAM, S.KANNAN
Abstract:	An ad hoc network is an indivisible part of the networks. It is an infrastructureless network. Whenever node wants to communicate with neighborhood node, it does not depend on the centralized infrastructure. Ad hoc is dynamic in nature. Due to the open structure, node can be easily impersonated by the several attacks like Denial of Service (DoS) attack, Wormhole attack, black hole attack and Packet forwarding attack etc. In the presence of the attack, the energy consumption of the network can be increased unlimitedly. In this research work, we have considered three factors like node mobility, malicious behavior and unauthenticated node, in order to minimize the energy consumption of the node. By limiting these factors, the node consumes less energy. For that, we have developed the Energy Based Routing Algorithm (EBRA) which is integrated into the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol to ensure the minimum energy consumption rate. The proposed scheme consists of three phases. In first phase, nodes energy consumption is limited with the high mobility. In second phase, the effect of malicious behavior is reduced to avoid the replaying of packets. In third phase, the unauthenticated node is identified using the digital signature verification. By simulation results the proposed scheme achieves less energy consumption rate, more energy efficiency, better throughput, less overhead and delay in the presence of the malicious nodes than the existing schemes.
Keywords:	Ad Hoc Network, Dos Attack, Blackhole Attack, Wormhole Attack, Energy Efficiency , Energy Consumption Rate , Throughput, Delay And Overhead.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	EFFICIENT SECURE TOPOLOGY CONTROL PROTOCOL FOR AUTHENTICATION IN MANET
Author:	T.S.ASHA, DR.N.J.R.MUNIRAJ
Abstract:	Mobile Ad hoc Network consists of mobile nodes without any access point. Due to that, nodes are easily compromised by means of attackers. Attackers totally degrade the performance of network. Several researches focused the solution for security issues. In this research work, we propose Efficient Secure Topology Control Protocol (ESTCP) to make the balance between interference and security in order to improve the reliability of networks. It consists of four phases In first phase, we propose the efficient topology control approach which consists of minimal weight estimation and exchanging information, topology estimation. In second phase, Cluster is formed and cluster head is chosen. In third phase, multipath is deployed to improve reliability. In fourth phase, messages are encrypted and decrypted using RS codeword. By using the extensive simulation results using Network Simulator (NS3), the proposed scheme NCTC achieves better network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, less overhead and end to end delay than the existing schemes.
Keywords:	MANET, Interference, multipath routing, secure encryption and decryption, cluster formation, network connectivity, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, overhead.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	3D BASED REMOTE SENSING IMAGE CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT USING SVM
Author:	R.KATHIRVEL, DR.J.SUNDARARAJAN
Abstract:	A satellite image is full of noisy information thus it faces many problems just to get a clear view of a location. Various image enhancement techniques are used to remove the unwanted data from the satellite image. Existing techniques fail to clear noise from the satellite image enough to be used for real time purposes. To overcome this problem we propose SVM which has two significant parts. The first one is the interior point method and second one is boundary value selection. The majority of color histogram equalization methods do not yield uniform histogram in gray scale. Contrast of the converted image is worse in 1D and 2D, to overcome this we move on to 3D. The new satellite image contrast enhancement technique is based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) which decomposes the input image into the four frequency sub bands by using DWT and estimates the singular value matrix of the low- low sub band image, and, then, it reconstructs the enhanced image by applying inverse DWT.
Keywords:	Support Vector Machine, Interior Point Method, Boundary Value Selection, DWT With 3D.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	REPETITIVE TRUST MANAGEMENT AND ADVERSARY DETECTION FOR DELAY TOLERANT NETWORKS
Author:	C.ASHOK BABURAJ, DR. K. ALAGARSAMY
Abstract:	Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) program is an emerging technology that can facilitate access to information when secure end-to-end paths cannot exist. DTNs may be turn into vulnerable during the legitimate nodes may compromise and the attacker modifies or alters the delivery constraints of the node. DTN makes use of persistence within the network nodes along with the mobility strategy to overcome the delay for connectivity. The existing trust management protocols are not an effective approach to handle the security attacks. In this paper, an efficient approach termed as a Repetitive Trust Management (RTM) and Adversary Detection is proposed to handle the Byzantine attacks in DTNs. It takes into consider the reputation values among the nodes participated in the data transmission. Bipartite graph is utilized to represent the subset of the nodes participate in the network. Trust Based Management Classifiers is presented which uses the Bloom filter to check the hash functionalities between the nodes. Here, threshold mechanism is used to enhance the secure communication in DTNs. The experimental results proves that the proposed scheme detects the malicious nodes and recovers the message within short duration of time.
Keywords:	Adversary Detection, Bipartite graph, Bloom filter, Byzantine attacks, Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), Multi hop transmission, and Repetitive Trust Management (RTM)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	THE STATIC SECTORIZATION OF AIRSPACE VIA GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH
Author:	KAIDI RACHID, ELMOUTAOUAKIL KARIM, ETTAOUIL MOHAMAD
Abstract:	The sectorization of airspace has become one of the most important problems of operational research; saturation and non-optimality of this system are the main reasons behind a new sectorization. The objective of SAP is to minimize the workload coordination between adjacent sectors and the controller’s workload which is balanced among the sectors. The main purpose of this work is to suggest a new method to solve the SAP problem. The proposed method is divided into two steps: the first one involves modeling the SAP problem in terms of 0-1 quadratic programming model subject to linear constraints. The second one concern solving this model via the Genetic Algorithm approach. Finally, some experimental results are introduced.
Keywords:	Sectorization of Airspace Problem (SAP), Air Traffic Control (ATC), Operational Research (OP), Quadratic Programming Problem (QPP), Genetic Algorithm (GA)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	FORAGING OPTIMIZATION FOR CLUSTER HEAD SELECTION
Author:	G. KAVITHA, Dr. R. S. D. WAHIDABANU
Abstract:	Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are popular as they are potentially low cost solutions to various real-world challenges. WSNs consist of autonomous nodes to monitor an environment. WSN developers face challenges from communication link failures, memory/computational constraints, and limited energy. Many WSN issues are formulated as multidimensional optimization problems and solved through bio-inspired techniques. Clustering divides a network into interconnected substructures, called clusters with each cluster having a cluster head (CH) as coordinator in the substructure. Each CH is a temporary base station in its zone/cluster communicating with other CHs. This study proposes an improved cluster head selection for efficient data aggregation in sensor networks. The proposed algorithm is based on LEACH incorporated Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO).
Keywords:	Wireless sensor networks (WSN), Clustering, Data-Aggregation, Localization, Optimal Deployment, Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	TACIT KNOWLEDGE ELICITATION THROUGH CONCEPT LATTICE
Author:	K.KALAISELVI, ARAVIND GOVINDARAM, G.V.UMA
Abstract:	The main objective of this proposed work is to prove that knowledge dissemination can be better done through concept lattice. The database management system learning content is stored in the formal concept analysis (FCA). The formal concept analysis helps to construct the concepts together through which the information drawn quickly. The concepts are built in the form of concept lattice. The subject matter experts (SME) can append the learning content using the incremental method on formal concept analysis. The proposed work helps to impart the knowledge to the learners in quick time. The learner’s knowledge can be observed and evaluated using the Bloom’s taxonomy parameters. The proposed system helps in the reusability of information.
Keywords:	Concept Lattice, Formal Concept Analysis, Concept Analysis, Knowledge Extraction, Knowledge Transfer
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	A HYBRID CLUSTER ENHANCED SECURE MULTICAST ROUTING SCHEME FOR MANET
Author:	GEETHA G, DR.N.J.R.MUNIRAJ,
Abstract:	Mobile Ad hoc networks consist of mobile node without having any centralized access point. Due to dynamic nature, lack of Network integrity and authentication may likely to occur. To avoid this, several approaches have focused on authentication. In this research work, hybrid cluster enhanced Secure Multicast Routing Scheme is proposed to make network more secure. The main of the proposed work is to protect mobile nodes and its packets against attackers. In the presence of network attackers, performance will be degraded. The proposed scheme consists of three phases i.e. Cluster based Multicast routing, cluster head election and secret sharing scheme. The multicast routing is proposed to avoid misbehavior and route failures. Cluster head election is performed based on characteristics and behaviour of mobile nodes. Secret sharing scheme is used to provide node integrity and authentication. By using simulation results, HCSMR achieves better performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, delay, overhead, network lifetime, network integrity rate than the existing method EESMR, PLSS and LAER schemes.
Keywords:	MANET, Multicast Routing, Cluster Head Election, Secret Sharing Scheme, Authentication, Integrity, Mobility, Packet Delivery Ratio, Network Lifetime, Number Of Nodes, Throughput, Overhead And End To End Delay.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
Author:	PUSHPAVALLI M, NATARAJAN A M
Abstract:	Now- a-days finding a path from source to destination for practical multimedia applications by satisfying QoS requirement is a biggest challenge. Achieving quality of service in a mobile adhoc network is a NP complete problem due to its dynamic nature of the network and limited resources availability. In this paper we propose a new qos module which uses genetic algorithm based approach to find an optimal path from source to the destination. An optimal path is selected by a suitable encoding scheme where the possible paths are in the form of strings. Analysis is done for a proactive protocol(OLSR) and for a reactive protocol(AODV) and the comparison between them was given as OLSRGA and AODVGA. To achieve QoS (Quality of Service) in the network we have taken link state information such as delay and bandwidth in the network.
Keywords:	QoS, Genetic Algorithm, MANET,OLSRGA,AODVGA
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	SWARM INTELLIGENCE BASED DYNAMIC SOURCE ROUTING FOR IMPROVED QUALITY OF SERVICE
Author:	N.UMAPATHI, N.RAMARAJ
Abstract:	Ad hoc networks are wireless mobile hosts collections forming a temporary network without any infrastructure/centralized administration. So a mobile host is required to enlist the help of other hosts to forward packets to destination because of each mobile host’s limited range of wireless transmission. The paper presents a protocol for routing in ad hoc networks using Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Swarm Intelligence based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to optimize the node pause time. The simulation results shows that the improved performance of routing in the network.
Keywords:	MANET, Routing Protocols, Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Swarm Intelligence (SI)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	OPTIMAL SIZING AND PLACEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS IN DISTORTED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BY USING HYBRID GA-PSO
Author:	D.KAVITHA, Dr.P.RENUGA, S.MUTHAMIL PRIYA
Abstract:	In this paper, an approach using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization Search (HGAPSO) is presented for placing Distributed Generators (DGs) in distorted distribution system. The objective is to minimize the loss and average voltage total harmonic distortion (THDv) of the distorted distribution system. A detailed performance analysis is carried out on IEEE 18 bus system to express the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Keywords:	Distributed Generation (DG), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Multi Objective Optimization, Harmonic Distortion, Non Linear Programming.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	INVESTIGATING ADAPTIVE ASEAN CULTURAL DIVERSITY THROUGH USERS’ MENTAL MODELS FOR USER INTERFACE DESIGN
Author:	ASLINA BAHARUM, AZIZAH JAAFAR
Abstract:	Nowadays, the Web has become the main gateway for organisations as well as making information accessible through the World Wide Web. Previous usability studies have focused on the development and user-centered design of websites. The location of objects through the use of a mental model is able to help users to navigate the Web and access information easily. The rationale for developing a mental model through an experimental study is to protect the high investment necessary for Web development through adaptive cultural diversity. The specific environment of a different country can inter-operate in the context of adaptation and needs to account for adaptive support in the context of collaborative activities. This study investigates cultural adaptivity with respect to ASEAN countries by identifying a mental model through the location of Web objects via a website user interface. Almost half of the located Web objects are found to be consistent with previous studies that examined user expectations regarding the location of general websites, e-commerce websites and library websites. There were, however, diversities among the studies involving the location of various Web objects. In this study, another three Web object elements are included, namely, “Language”, “Content” and “Calendar”. It is of interest to note that the participants from all the geographical locations in the ASEAN countries included in this study had similar expectations for certain Web objects. It is therefore possible that the influence of multinational websites and cross-regional Web browsing has significantly shaped the website layout expectations of typical Web users.
Keywords:	Adaptivity, Cultural Diversity, User Interface, Web Objects, Mental Model
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	THE NEXT GENERATION DATABASE LANGUAGE WITH BASE PROPERTIES
Author:	G.SEKAR, DR. N.M. ELANGO
Abstract:	“Not Only SQL” is popularly known as NOSQL, the new buzz word in the world of database technology. It really means that the database is not a relational database. Early, it is called as “No SQL-NoSQL”, (i.e.) a system represents totally an alternative to SQL. Since it is inevitable to use SQL, later it is renamed as NOSQL. This paper brings out the properties, various flavours, examples, advantages and also some limitations of NOSQL database technology.
Keywords:	NOSQL, ACID, BASE, Key-Value store, Eventual Consistency
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	AN ALTERNATIVE DESIGN OF COLLABORATIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE BASED ON CLOUD COMPUTING
Author:	ABDULSALAM YA’U GITAL, ABDUL SAMAD ISMAIL
Abstract:	Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) systems allow the sharing of virtual space, and each participant is represented by an entity in the CVE. Resources are consumed when interaction among several users occurs. The resources are consumed as a result of updating its own state, and the communication resources required to distribute the update of counterpart users in the CVE. The Peer-to-Peer (p2p) and Client Server (CS) architecture in CVE has the limitation of scaling to large number of users while maintaining consistency in the virtual world. This paper identifies the basic requirements of CVE systems, proposed a model based on cloud computing to improve the performance of the traditional CVE systems to evade the limitations of the p2p and CS. The design of the cloud computing-based CVE architecture proposes in our research consist of three layers namely, infrastructure, platform, and application. The potential benefits of the CVE architecture presented in this paper indicated a performance improvement over the traditional CVE. The proposed architecture with little modification can easily be implemented in real life applications to improve the performance of collaborative virtual applications.
Keywords:	Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE), Cloud Computing, CVE Architecture, Platform, Application, Infrastructure
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	ANOMALY BASED INTRUSION DETECTION IN WLAN USING DISCRIMINATION ALGORITHM COMBINED WITH NAÏVE BAYESIAN CLASSIFIER
Author:	P.KAVITHA, M.USHA
Abstract:	The role of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has been inevitable in the area of Information and Network security – especially for building a good network defense infrastructure. Due to the wide popularity of Wireless Networks tremendous applications are emerging and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) has gained attention by both research and industry communities. The wide spread deployment of WLAN has also brought new challenges to security and privacy. We need to distinguish anomalies that change the traffic either abruptly or slowly. Anomaly based intrusion detection technique is one of the building blocks of such a foundation. In this paper, the attempt has been made to apply correlation coefficient based learning approach for detecting anomalies in wireless Local area network. While a good amount of research has been done for fixed wired networks, not much research has been done in this area for wireless networks due to lack of a good dataset. Hence we developed a discrimination algorithm using correlation coefficient to detect anomalies combined with Naïve Bayesian classifier in the Wireless traffic and demonstrated the effectiveness using Kyoto 2006+ datasets. An experiment is carried out in order to evaluate performance based on accuracy, detection rate and false positive rate of the classification scheme. Results and analysis shows that the proposed approach has enhanced the detection rate with minimum false positive rates.
Keywords:	Intrusion Detection, Anomaly Detection, Correlation Coefficient, Naïve Bayesian Classifier, Wireless Network.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	RESIDENTIAL SITE SELECTION BY COMBINING GIS AND FUZZY DATABASE QUERY ON ANDROID DEVICE
Author:	SUKMANA PRADIBTHA, I NYOMAN PIARSA, PUTU WIRA BUANA
Abstract:	Residential sites are a crucial means for the survival of a family life in which currently the residential sector development increased. The increasing number of existing residences makes people difficult to determine the location of the residences in accordance with the needs of each individual. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is an application that can overcome the problems of people in choosing the location of new residential sites accordance with the consideration of various aspects. Residential search options are provided by its location. However, if the residential data was not found then the users are recommended to change the criteria or choose higher priority criteria. Android-based Geographic Information Systems can be one of the major tools of interactive mobiles. The presence of GIS will describe the location of residential areas in real conditions on the map from the mobile phone. An analysis and visualization will be obtain to be used as a reference for users.
Keywords:	GIS, Fuzzy Database Query, Site Selection, Google Maps, Android Device
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ANALYTICAL MODEL OF NOVEL ENERGY CONSTRAINED COOPERATIVE MAC PROTOCOL FOR AD-HOC NETWORKS
Author:	ELLAMMAL C, SUDHA SADASIVAM G
Abstract:	Relay assisted cooperative wireless communication has been shown to have significant performance gains over the legacy direct transmission scheme for Ad-hoc network. An efficient cooperative Medium Access Control Scheme (MAC) is needed to solve the difficulties induced by relaying and cooperative computing. Another challenging issue is the extension of network lifetime of an Ad-hoc network with regards to small battery capacity and self sustained operation. So, designing energy constrained cooperative MAC for improving the network lifetime is a challenging task. Yet, only less attention has been paid for cooperative MAC scheme and its potential for lifetime extension. In this paper, we propose a novel Energy Constrained Cooperative MAC protocol namely ECC-MAC for Ad-hoc networks with the objective of maximizing the network lifetime and achieving high throughput. Furthermore, we presents an analytical model for network lifetime aware cooperative MAC scheme which identify the best possible relay based on both residual energy and data rate. We show that the proposed model seeks to optimize the tradeoff between network lifetime and throughput.
Keywords:	Cooperative Communication, Medium Access Control, Ad-Hoc Network, Throughput, Network Lifetime.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	MIDDLEWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR NATIONAL ELECTRONIC ID CARD: THE CASE OF E-KTP IN INDONESIA
Author:	DEDY RAHMAN WIJAYA
Abstract:	Since a few years ago Indonesian government began to perform the application of the concept of the internet of things (IoT). Application of the IoT by the Indonesian government aims to provide ease in identification of people or objects and their attributes so it can be used as reference data in their policy or implement some rules. Some programs have been implemented such as e-KTP (e-ID Card) program, subsidized fuel control system using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, and electronic ticketing system for electric railways. Start from 2011, Indonesia Government has been implementing RFID technology for e-Identification. This program is called e-KTP which aims to realize single ID and establish complete and accurate demographic database. Indonesian e-KTP card store demographic data consisting of biographical data, signature, photograph, biometrics, and other data related to aspects of data security and card management. e-KTP refers to the standard ISO/IEC 14443A/B that works at a frequency 13,56 MHz. However, utilization of the e-KTP card is still not optimal because its utilization is not much different from the conventional ID card. This study will be discussed regarding the design and implementation of e-KTP middleware. This middleware architecture can be adopted by government or private agencies to improve their services by conduct the data collecting of customer transactions by linking the e-KTP card with the enterprise database with the specific rules. Thus the Indonesian people have truly single ID that can be used for many purposes such as for health care system, attendance management system, electronic payment system, and so on.
Keywords:	Internet of Things, Radio Frequency Identification, e-KTP, Middleware, Single ID
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
Full Text

Title:	PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT BY AN ENERGY ADEPT PE-AODV WITH LINK FAILURE PREDICTION
Author:	M. SAKTHIVEL, Dr. V. PALANISAMY
Abstract:	Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network which has dynamic nature with infrastructure less without a central administration. In MANETs link failure occurs due to topological changes of mobile node which causes high data loss and delay, so the performance is enhanced by predicting the link break in prior. The most challenging fact in the routing process is affording the energy proficiency and load balancing with Quality of Service(QoS), Ad-hoc On Demand Vector protocol (AODV) possess load balancing but to get QoS metrics a new protocol with Energy Adept AODV is embarked. The protocol is intended to quest the overloaded, variable nodes by considering the interface queue length compared with a threshold value. Performance Enhanced Ad-hoc On Demand (PE-AODV) is used for predicting the link failure prior and forwarding the data packets in an alternate route which reduces end to end delay and increases Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Finally energy proficient load balancing is obtained by engulfing packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, load distribution and node energy as major parameters with a performance enhanced PE-AODV is obtained.
Keywords:	AODV, LINK BREAK, MANET, PE-AODV, QoS.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	PROPAGATION MODELS FOR V2V COMMUNICATION IN VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORKS
Author:	Prof. VAISHALI D. KHAIRNAR, Dr. KETAN KOTECHA
Abstract:	There is lot of research work going in the area of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Because these systems often comprise several tens, hundreds or even thousands of vehicle nodes, a real world test is very costly and time consuming operation. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) research is carried out using different mobility and network simulators like MOVE, SUMO, TraNS, NS2 version 2.34 etc., because it allows for fast and cheap evaluation of protocols and applications in a controllable and reproducible manner. Simulation study helps us to use models in order to make a judgment on real-world problem viability. Models should reflect reality using radio propagation model for vehicle-to-vehicle communication, hence accuracy is an important requirement for propagation models.
Keywords:	VANETs, V2V Communication, Propagation models, Simulations
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31 March 2014 -- Vol. 61. No. 3 -- 2014
Full Text