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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
31^stAugust 2014 | Vol. 66 No.3

Title:	EDUCATIONAL MODELLING IN CLOUD COMPUTING USING IMS LEARNING DESIGN
Author:	Sara OUAHABI , Ahmed EDDAOUI , El Houssine LABRIJI , Elhabib BENLAHMAR , Kamal EL GUEMMAT
Abstract:	Cloud Computing is a major evolution of computing. It changes the way we produce and consume IT and actually evolved the positions of all the players in the computer. This technology is also considered a major step forward for digital development of higher education and research, response to these developments, a large volume of educational resources is produced across many universities in the cloud. First and foremost is the use of educational modelling languages and instructional engineering methods to help decide how to aggregate learning objects in learning and knowledge management environments. This paper presents our contribution in the educational modelling consists of learning units involved in educational cloud using IMS Learning Design, the new approach that we followed focuses on keeping interoperability between e-Learning content and facilitate the task of identification , reuse, sharing ,adapting teaching and learning resources in the Cloud
Keywords:	E-Learning, IMS-LD, Interoperability, Cloud, Modelling.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	SURVEY ON ADAPTIVE JOB SCHEDULERS IN MAPREDUCE
Author:	MAEDEH MOZAKKA, FARAMARZ SAFI ESFAHANI, MOHAMMAD H. NADIMI
Abstract:	In recent years the adaptive job schedulers became an attraction point to many researchers, but despite many efforts that have been made, there are still many challenges in this area. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of adaptive job schedulers in MapReduce and identify important research directions in this area. In this paper, adaptive job schedulers in MapReduce are classified in four categories. The techniques used in them are described briefly, we present advantages and disadvantages of different adaptive schedulers and then their features and the application of each category of the schedulers are expressed. Finally, we will discuss some current challenges and future works.
Keywords:	Adaptive Job Scheduler, Cloud Computing, Hadoop, Job Scheduling, MapReduce.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	N-CRYPT: A HIGHLY SECURED DATA TRANSMISSION FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
Author:	S.GOPALAKRISHNAN, Dr.P.GANESHKUMAR
Abstract:	Mulling over of any system the defenselessness of malevolent movement influences the information straight forwardly or by implication. The principle destination of this paper is to transmit the information in a multi bounce WSN in a secured way. On the off chance that a modest segment of information could be recuperate by a malevolent node then a malignant node can ruin the whole information throughout the information transmission. To conquer this issue and enhancing the information level security in this paper N-Crypt methodology is presented for giving high security to information while information transmission. N-Crypt is a cyclic procedure of Encryption, Decryption on the information from Source Node to Destination Node in the WSN. N-Crypt is having two modules N-Crypt-I for Encryption at every node and N-Crypt-II for Decryption at Destination node where it can maintain a strategic distance from clashes on the procedure of Encryption and Decryption. The Simulation result indicates that the execution of N-Crypt is superior to the current methodologies.
Keywords:	Security in Wireless Networks; Malicious Node; Intrusion Detection; N-Crypt.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF SWITCHING FREQUENCY CONTROLLED REGULATED DISCONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODE BOOST RECTIFIERS
Author:	B.K.SHOBANA, DR.P.RENUGA
Abstract:	Regulated one switch boost rectifiers operating at a boundary of continuous and discontinuous modes is modelled. Proposed PWM and variable frequency control technique is used to reduce harmonics in the source current and also to regulate the output voltage. Small signal modeling is done for the design of boost rectifier and also for its control technique. The proposed control technique had the main advantage of reduced THD. The simulation is performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software for the control methods.
Keywords:	Boost rectifiers, Switching frequency, DCM, Duty cycle, Small signal Analysis
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	AUTOMATIC SEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF HARD EXUDATES TO DETECT MACULAR EDEMA IN FUNDUS IMAGES
Author:	S.VASANTHI, Dr.R.S.D WAHIDA BANU
Abstract:	Detection of the presence of hard exudates in fundus images of diabetic patients is very important. If hard exudates are present in the macular region of retina, it will lead to Diabetic macular edema. Diabetic Macular Edema disease leads to vision loss problem in Diabetic patients. Early detection of Macular Edema in diabetic patients paves a path for prevention from blindness. Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) occurs when blood vessels in the retina of patients with diabetes begin to leak into the macula region of eye. These leakages cause the macula to thicken and swell, progressively leads to vision loss. The automatic detection of Diabetic Macular Edema and classification of DME severity is done in this paper. The Hard Exudates (HE) presence in macula region is detected and the features are extracted. The extracted features are fed as input to Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) classifier to classify the images as normal and abnormal. ANFIS and ELM classifiers performances are evaluated in terms of the parameters such as Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy whose values are 100%, 90% and 96.49% for ANFIS classifier and 94.28%, 100% and 96.49% for ELM classifier respectively.
Keywords:	Diabetic Macular Edema, ELM classifier, Hard Exudates, Features, Severity level
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	A COMPARATIVE AND ANALYSIS STUDY OF VANET ROUTING PROTOCOLS
Author:	ABD AL-RAZAK TAREQ RAHEM, MAHAMOD ISMAIL, ARIFF IDRIS, AYMEN DHEYAA
Abstract:	Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a kind of mobile ad hoc networks. VANET is used to endow wireless communication between vehicles and vehicle to road side equipments. The communication between vehicles is used for safety, placate and for entertainment as well. The performance of communication depends on the performance of routing in the network. Routing of data is dependent on the routing protocols used in network. In this study we investigated about various ad hoc routing methods so as to select suitable method for different kinds of network in VANET. The main aim of our study was identification of the ad hoc routing method that has better performance in highly mobile environment of VANET. Comparing on the basis of throughput and packet drop, it seems that position based routing method of VANET as better performance as compared to the traditional ad hoc topology based routing. However, it is not easy to provide any universal routing protocol that can deal with all the cases of VANET. The selection of a single routing protocol is not easy in VANET because the performance of the protocol depends on speed of the vehicle, driving environment etc. These factors may vary from one environment of network to another.
Keywords:	VANET, Routing protocol, Wireless,Performance
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	ENHANCING CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY WITH FREQUENT POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE RULES
Author:	ANIS SUHAILIS ABDUL KADIR, AZURALIZA ABU BAKAR, ABDUL RAZAK HAMDAN
Abstract:	Associative classification has been proven to be more accurate than the state-of-the-art classification algorithms, such as C4.5. The rules known as class association rules (CARs) are used to build the classifier. Initially, positive association rules were generated to build associative classifiers. However, more recently, negative association rules have been recognized for their ability to enhance associative classification accuracy. Literature shows that the knowledge obtained from negative association rules is considered unique and surprising compared to the positive association rules. We propose to mine the quality of negative association rule from frequent positive and negative (FPN) itemset approach. The FPN approach will be embedded in an Apriori algorithm for mining negative association rules and later, integrated with a CBA algorithm for the construction of the classifier. This approach presents challenges in the search space and selecting quality CARs in order to enhance the classification accuracy. An experiment was conducted with UCI datasets to evaluate the classifier’s performance and the results demonstrated that the FPN managed to produce competitive classifier.
Keywords:	Associative classification, negative association rule.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	SURVEY ON RECENT DIGITAL IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES
Author:	SUHAD SHAKIR JABER, HILAL ADNAN FADHIL, ZAHEREEL I. ABDUL KHALIB, RASIM AZEEZ KADHIM
Abstract:	Steganography is the science of hiding information that involves all the techniques used to exchange the secret message with low distortion of the cover medium. Many different cover medium formats such as (image, audio, video, and text) can be used to hide the secret message. Image files are mostly used because of their frequency on the Internet. Some of the old techniques used schemes to hide information are: invisible ink, null ciphers, micro-codes, and pink-pricks. Modern Steganography has gained a lot of attention for the last two decades because of the rapid growth of communication technologies such as Internet and the need of a secure channel to transmit the important information. In this paper, a concept of image steganography is explained and a review of recent image steganography methods and its applications is presented.
Keywords:	Discrete cosine transform, Ddiscrete wavelet transform, Least significant bit, Vector quantization, Steganography.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	SVM BASED AUTOMATIC MEDICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MEDICAL IMAGE
Author:	JOSEPHINE SUTHA.V, Dr.P.LATHA
Abstract:	An approach for automatic classification of Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) is presented in this paper. In modern hospitals a vast amount of MR images are produced in the day to day life. So, an input image based automatic medical image retrieval system is now a necessity. In this paper, extracted features are classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Radial Basis Function (RBF). The performance of SVM for varying parameters is investigated. Proposed system showed high classification accuracies (on an average > 99%) for all the datasets used in the experiments. Experimental results and performance comparisons with state-of-the-art techniques show that the proposed scheme is efficient in brain MR image classification.
Keywords:	Magnetic Resonance Image, SIFT, Tumor, Support Vector Machine,
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	THE CORELATION BETWEEN BUSINESS STRATEGYAND INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATION INSTITUTION: CONCEPT AND DESIGN
Author:	TANTY OKTAVIA
Abstract:	The strategic planning for information systems is part of the most important aspects in order to specify the objective in the organization. With a proper strategic planning, the business process of an organization can keep along with the vision and mission that has been decided in the beginning. Strategic planning for education institution has a substantial part to aligning the goals which to be achieved by that institution. Nowadays, a rivalry in education industry is very tight, institutions be charged to have a proper strategic planning of each division that influenced againts business process. According to this condition, the study aimed to evaluate business strategy with information system strategy in order to map competitiveness value of institution compared to the competitor. This study begins with analyse data collection by conducting surveys and questionnaires to several sample education institutions in Indonesia. After that, all of data were simulated into strategic information map to show the relationship from many derived variable perspective. As a result, it creates a blueprint model to solve common problems that exist in general education institutions. In summary, education institution can establish a positive contribution to the development and achievement the goal in the institution particularly by implementing a good governance of strategic planning of information systems.
Keywords:	Strategic Planning, Information System Strategy, Educational Institution
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	MODIFIED SWARM FIREFLY ALGORITHM METHOD FOR DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY COORDINATION PROBLEM
Author:	M.H. HUSSAIN, I. MUSIRIN, A.F. ABIDIN, S.R.A. RAHIM,
Abstract:	Computational intelligence method such as Nature Inspired Algorithms (NIA) or meta-heuristic algorithms based optimization methods known to be successful in coordination of directional overcurrent relay. It has also been reported that it outperformed the conventional approach. Due to its advantages, it has gained more popularity among the researchers. Some of the conventional optimization techniques such as linear programming method and non-linear programming method were proposed but these methods is time consuming and complex to achieve optimal solution. Thus, a search for better optimization technique to reduce computation burden has become urgency. This paper presents the implementation of Modified Swarm Firefly Algorithm (MSFA) in solving directional overcurrent relay coordination problem. The effect of population sizes were considered to investigate the performance of MSFA technique. The coordination of directional overcurrent relays is formulated as linear programming problem and the objective function is introduced to minimize the operating time of the primary relay. Operating time of the relay depends on time setting multiplier (TSM) which leads to no miscoordination between relay pairs. The proposed method have been applied and tested successfully on 8-Bus test system and 9-Bus test system. The results revealed that MSFA outperformed Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in terms of computation time.
Keywords:	Directional Overcurrent Relay (DOCR) Coordination, Modified Swarm Firefly Algorithm (MSFA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Time Setting Multiplier, Computation Time
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	ENERGY EFFICIENT AND CONNECTIVITY BASED CLUSTERING SCHEME FOR MULTICAST ROUTING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Author:	E. MARIAPPAN, Dr.B.PARAMASIVAN
Abstract:	Wireless sensor networks s(WSNs) are the key technology for monitoring and communicating with the physical environment. Data aggregation is the key challenge to make energy constraints of sensor node to increase network life time. Since sensor nodes are densely deployed, redundant data may occur. Clustering the network provides effective solution for such issues and is an important way of managing large number of sensor nodes. We proposed a new Energy Efficient and Connectivity based Clustering scheme for multicast routing in wireless sensor networks named as E2C4. In E2C4, the cluster heads are elected by a probability based on the ratio between ensemble energy consumption of each node and the average energy of the network. The cluster-heads’ period will be different according to their initial and consumption energy rate. The nodes with high initial energy and less energy consumption rate will have more chances to be the cluster-heads than the nodes with low initial energy and high energy consumption. In the conclusion, the experimental result shows that E2C4 achieves longer lifetime and more effective messages than current important clustering protocols like LEACH and HEED
Keywords:	Clustering algorithm, Data aggregation, Efficient energy consumption, Multicast routing, Wireless sensor networks
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	WAVELET VISIBLE DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENT BASED ON HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM CRITERIA FOR IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Author:	NAHID MOHAMMED, BAJIT ABDERRAHIM, ZYANE ABDELLAH, MOHAMED LAHBY
Abstract:	A reliable quality measure is a much needed tool to determine the type and amount of image distortions. To improve the quality measurement include incorporation of simple models of the human visual system (HVS) and multi-dimensional tool design, it is essential to adapt perceptually based metrics which objectively enable assessment of the visual quality measurement. In response to this need, This paper proposes a new model of image quality measurement called the Modified Wavelet Visible Difference Predictor MWVDP based on various psychovisual models, yielding the objective factor called Probability Score (PS) that correlates well with visual error perception, and demonstrating very good performance. Thus, we avoid the traditional subjective criteria called Mean Opinion Score (MOS), which involves human observers, are inconvenient, time-consuming and influenced by environmental conditions. Widely blurriness or blockiness. Besides the PS score, the model MWVDP provides a map of the visible differences VDM (Visible Difference Map) between the original image and its degraded version. To quantify human judgments based on the mean opinion score (MOS), we measure the covariation between the subjective ratings and the degree of distortion obtained by the probability score PS.
Keywords:	JPEG and JPEG2000 Image Compression, Visual Perception, Luminance and Contrast Masking, Mean Opinion Score MOS, Objective and Subjective Quality Measure.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF PARTITIONING PTS BASED PAPR REDUCTION OF OFDM SYSTEMS UNDER DIFFERENT MODULATIONS TECHNIQUES
Author:	ZEYID T. IBRAHEEM, BMD. MIJANUR RAHMAN, CS. N. YAAKOB,
Abstract:	Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) technique is widely employed to mitigate the peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems without any distortion. The crucial step in any PTS system is partitioning of the OFDM frame into disjoint sub-blocks. Adjacent partitioning (AP) is a rather simple partitioning scheme achieving attractive PAPR reduction performance in trade-off between cost and performance. In this paper, Finite Radon Transform (FRAT) is implemented as a modulation technique for data mapping and a comparative analysis of the performance of FRAT is carried out against that of ordinary data mapping techniques such as phase shift keying (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The research objective is to find the most appropriate modulation scheme for OFDM system with PTS scheme. In order to perform the comparative analysis, the FRAT as well as PSK and QAM modulation techniques was implemented for the purpose of data mapping. Another dimension for comparative analysis was PTS partition length variability. Adjacent PTS scheme was implemented for both fixed length and variable length partitioning for the aforesaid modulation techniques. The results obtained for all the scenarios were investigated. These modulation schemes were also tested for the case of interleaved PTS scheme. Simulation results with different partitioning scenarios showed that the ordinary mapping for any types of techniques (PSK or QAM) had better PAPR reduction performance compared with FRAT.
Keywords:	Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), partial transmit sequences (PTS), sub-block partitioning, Finite Radon Transform (FRAT)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	EEG SIGNAL IDENTIFICATION BASED ON ROOT MEAN SQUARE AND AVERAGE POWER SPECTRUM BY USING BACKPROPAGATION
Author:	HINDARTO , MOH. HARIADI , MAURIDHI HERY PURNOMO
Abstract:	The development of user interface for game technology has currently employed human centered technology researches in which EEG signal that utilizes the brain function has become one of the trends. The present research describes the identification of EEG Signal by segmenting it into 4 different classes. The segmentation of these classes is based on Root Mean Square (RMS) and Average Power Spectrum (AVG), employed in feature extraction. Both Root Mean Square (RMS) and Average Power Spectrum (AVG) are employed to extract features of EEG signal data and then used for identification, by which a BackPropagation method is employed. The experiment,done with 200 tested signal data file, demonstrates that the identification of the signal is 91% accurate.
Keywords:	Root Mean Square, Average Power Spectrum, BackPropagation, EEG signal.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	HARDWARE-SOFTWARE PARTITIONING ALGORITHM BASED ON BINARY SEARCH TREES AND GENETIC ALGORITHM TO OPTIMIZE LOGIC AREA FOR SOPC
Author:	SONIA DIMASSI, MEHDI JEMAI, BOURAOUI OUNI, ABDELLATIF MTIBAA
Abstract:	This paper presents an approach based on hardware/software partitioning to minimize the logic area of System on a Programmable Chip (SOPC) while respecting a time constraint. Our contribution focuses on introducing a new hardware/software partitioning algorithm. This algorithm is based on the principle of Binary Search Trees (BST) and genetic algorithms. It aims to define the tasks that will run on the Hardware (HW) part and those that will run on the Software (SW) part. The proposed algorithm will determine the best partition that will reduce the number of tasks used by the HW and increase the number of tasks used by the SW and thereafter the area will be reduced. The results show that our algorithm significantly reduces the logic area compared to other well known algorithms.
Keywords:	Logic area, Hardware/software partitioning algorithm, Binary search trees, Genetic algorithms, SOPC.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	AN EXPERT SYSTEM TO DETECT CAR DAMAGE BY USING CART METHOD
Author:	PRATIWI KUSUMA PUTRI, I KETUT GEDE DARMA PUTRA, NI MADE IKA MARINI MANDENNI
Abstract:	The information of car fault by car breakdown symptoms is the important thing to note. In this study created on expert system to detect damage to the car by using Classification And Regression Tree (CART) Method. CART method is a method of classification with decision tree modeling. The input from this study is the data derived from the expert. This study includes three main processes, namely the identification of the input stage. Stage of learning and classification stage. The learning stage produces the decision tree output as a rules detection of car damage. The classification stage produces the output in the form of car damage detection results based on the symptoms that entered by the users.
Keywords:	Expert System, CART, Detection of Damage , Decision Tree, Car Damage.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	A GENERAL FISH CLASSIFICATION METHODOLOGY USING META-HEURISTIC ALGORITHM WITH BACK PROPAGATION CLASSIFIER
Author:	USAMA A. BADAWI AND MUTASEM K. ALSMADI
Abstract:	Problem statement: One challenging research area nowadays is pattern recognition. Many applications lay under the field of pattern recognition such as face and iris recognition, speech recognition, texture discrimination and optical character recognition. A system that recognizes isolated pattern of interest is called pattern recognition. The pattern under consideration could be an image. During the process of image recognition, many problems could occur such as noise, distortion, overlap, errors in the segmentation results and obstruction of objects in the image. Several approaches to handle and solve pattern recognition problems have been developed. Examples of such approaches are neural networks (NN), Contour matching, texture and color signature. Approach: The aim of this study is to develop a system to recognize isolated fish object in the image based on a combination between significant extracted features using anchor points, texture and statistical measurements. A generic fish classification could then be performed using a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithms (genetic algorithm with iterated local search) with back-propagation algorithm (GAILS-BPC), to classify the images of fish into dangerous and non-dangerous families, and to recognize the dangerous fish families into Predatory and Poison fish family, and recognize the non-dangerous fish families into garden and food fish family. Conclusion and Results: A prototype to deal with the problem of fish images classification is presented in this research work. The proposed prototype has been tested based on 24 fish families, each family contains different number of species. The proposed prototype has performed the classification process successfully. The experimental tests have been performed based on 320 distinct fish images. The 320 distinct fish images were divided into 220 images for training phase and 100 images for testing phase. An overall accuracy recognition rate is 80.5% that was obtained using the proposed GAILS-BPC.
Keywords:	Feature Extraction, Anchor Measurements, Gabor filter, statistical measurements, Fish Images, Back Propagation Classifier, Iterated Local Search and Genetic Algorithm.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO SECURE DSR PROTOCOL FROM SINKHOLE ATTACK IN AD HOC ENVIRONMENT
Author:	DEVI. P, KANNAMMAL. A
Abstract:	Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) have the most challenging network infrastructure from the security perspective. Attacks on routing protocols, especially internal attacks will cause the damage to MANETs. Sinkhole attack is a kind of internal attack, creates fabricated route discovery request packet, convinces other normal neighboring nodes, intrudes into the network, sniffs confidential information and finally spoils the network. This routing protocol attack exhausts the network if it is not caught earlier in the stage. In this paper, we design and evaluate the Secure Efficient DSR Protocol (SEDP), which recognizes the presence of sinkhole node from packet flow information between nodes, prepares Suspected Node List, filters particular harmful node from the list and lastly isolates it from the network. Our Intrusion Detection System incorporates IDS nodes, assumed as inner layer of MANET is closely monitoring the route cache of nodes and detects compromised nodes. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed system using NS2, in terms of detection rate, detection time, routing overhead, and false positive rate. Results prove the consistency and effectiveness of our intrusion detection method.
Keywords:	Mobile Ad hoc NETwork(MANET), sinkhole attack, DSR Protocol, security and protection, malicious node detection, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Secure Efficient DSR Protocol (SEDP)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	PREMATURE INFANT INCUBATOR ALERT SYSTEM VIA SMS
Author:	N.S. SALAHUDDIN, R. H. HANDOKO, S. POERNOMO SARI, M. HERMITA, A. B. MUTIARA
Abstract:	To make security and comfort for babies, parents of babies, and hospital personnel when the premature baby in the incubator room, Premature Infant Incubator Alert System via SMS has been made. The system would stabilize the temperature and relative humidity when the value is not in accordance with a predetermined value and immediately sends a warning message to the destination mobile number. The time taken by the system to send a warning message to the destination mobile phone number is 8 to 25 seconds. The system uses sensors SHT11, light bulbs, fans, GSM modem, and ATmega8535 microcontroller.
Keywords:	Incubator, Premature Baby, SHT11 Sensor, GSM Modem, microcontroller ATmega8535.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	ENHANCED MINIMUM SECURED ROUTING PATH FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS
Author:	K.LAKSHMINARAYANAN, Dr. S. PAVAIMADHESWARI
Abstract:	The EMSR-path algorithm develops a new routing path from source to the destination based on the ascending order of the edge, the ascending order edge is get connected, in order to avoid congestion in routing path in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks. The routing is to reduce the congestion when it gets connected based on the priority and the path is secured by secured routing protocol. The discovery of route and secured transmission of routing path is EMSR-path algorithm.
Keywords:	Path, Networks, Protocol, Ad-Hoc,Congestion
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	ASSOCIATION RULE MINING FOR IDENTIFYING OPTIMAL CUSTOMERS USING MAA ALGORITHM
Author:	G. BABU , DR. T. BHUVANESWARI
Abstract:	Identifying customers which are more likely potential for a product and service offering is an important issue. In customers identification data mining has been used extensively to predict potential customers for a product and service. Modern companies and organizations efficiently implement a CRM strategy for managing a company interactions and relationships with customers. CRM systems have been developed and designed to support the areas of marketing, service process and sales. Many literature studies are available to preserve the customer relationship but small drawbacks occur in the existing methods. One method to maintain the customer relationship is frequency based method i.e., The Company will give declination to the customer based on the historical data that is the customers how many times come to that company. These methods are not effective. Because the customers give revenue to that company is less. So the company revenue is affected. In the data mining field, association rules have been researched for more than ten years ; however, the degree to which the support threshold effectively discovers interesting association rules has received little attention. Most of the research effort in the scope of association rules has been oriented to simplify the rule set and to improve performance of the algorithm. With the recent advancement of Internet and Web Technology, web search has taken an important role in the ordinary life. To discover interesting patterns or relationship between data in large database association rule mining is used. Association rule mining can be an important data analysis method to discover associate rules in CRM. The Apriori algorithm is a proficient algorithm for determining all frequent customers in CRM. But these are not the only problems that can be found and when rules are generated and applied in different domains. Troubleshooting for them should also take into consideration the purpose of association model and the data they come from. Some of drawbacks like non interesting rules, low algorithm performance arts are found in the algorithm. Several past studies addressed the problem of mining association rules with different Supports will not be appropriate in large dataset and they cannot generate more useful rules. This paper suggests a new framework of algorithm MAA that overcomes the limitations associated with existing methods and enables the finding of association rules based on Apriori Algorithm among the presence and/or absence of a set of items without a preset minimum support threshold and Minimizing Candidate Generation. The proposed work is an efficient algorithm for generating frequent itemsets and is optimized to takes less time compare to the existing algorithms. The main aim of this algorithm is to reduce execution time and memory utilization as compared to the existing algorithms. The framework has been tested on several datasets.. The result obtained shows that the proposed algorithm takes 25% less time compared to the Apriori algorithm in all instances. The performance of the algorithm is influenced by the dimensions of the data set and support factor and it is compared with performance of FP-growth and DynFP-Growth algorithms. The algorithm used to discover coherent rules which has been used in CRM model .Then, the mined information is used to calculate the company profit and frequency (the number of times the particular customer visit the company). By using association rule mining, the profit and frequency value of each customer is computed. Based on the mining result, the companies provide offers to customer using swarm intelligence technique known as particle swarm optimization.. This offer does not affect the company revenues as well as satisfying the customers. This process will make a good relationship between the customers and organizations and to satisfy the customers forever with company’s rules.
Keywords:	CRM, PSO, Data Mining, Association Rule Mining, Algorithm, DynFP-Growth
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	MAPPING OF LAKE SURFACE COVERS USING PIXEL INTENSITIES FOR MONITORING SEASONAL ICE DEVELOPMENT
Author:	DR.M.KRISHNAVENI, DR.P.SUBASHINI,3 M.POOVIZHI
Abstract:	Due to the dramatic change of air temperature, the ice layer expands significantly in the lake region. To monitor and to predict the ice conditions occurred in Ice Lake over seasonal basis, the pixel based classification method is evaluated and experimented. Research in classification of lake ice concurrently takes the history of ice information and structure of the ice cover. In this paper, based on the fundamental information, a methodology is proposed to classify ice from other surfaces based on pixel intensities. By applying Color based segmentation using K-Mean Cluster the intensity of different classes are extracted according to the respective ranges. The pixel intensity ranges are taken as a feature value for the KNN Classification. With that pixel intensity range three classes are identified as ice, water and sand. Experimental results show that the growth rate of the ice is estimated with the classified ice region in the lake area .The accuracy rate of ice classification from other classes in an image is high using KNN. This examination explores and proves the expansion of the ice cover according to the seasonal duration using image analysis methodology.
Keywords:	Lake Ice, Image analysis, pixel intensity, K-Mean Cluster, KNN classification
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION AND DIAGNOSTICS OF PULSED SYSTEMS USING DISCRETE SIGNAL CONVOLUTION
Author:	S.I. SIVKOV, L.G. NOVIKOV, D.M. MIKHAYLOV
Abstract:	The present paper is devoted to development of the method of pulsed systems identification and diagnostics using discrete signal processing. Authors consider types of synchronous logical convolution and elementary synchronous logical convolutions, namely: synchronous disjunctive convolution, synchronous conjunctive convolution, synchronous conjunctive convolution with delayed variable inversion, synchronous conjunctive convolution with input variable inversion as well as synchronous conjunctive modulo two. Creation of new technical means on the basis of described logical convolution of PZ-signal indicates the possibility of developing new principles of logical and discrete signal processing, and devices.
Keywords:	Logical Signal Convolution Operator, Synchronous Pulsed PZ-Signal, PZ-Series.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	A 50-50 PACKET TRADE MODEL IN MANET TO DETECT MISBEHAVING NODES BY ZKP AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL
Author:	S.NEELAVATHY PARI, D.SRIDHARAN
Abstract:	Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an emerging technology and hence is an active area of research. The ease of deployment and defined infrastructureless feature these networks find applications in a variety of scenarios ranging from emergency operation and disaster relief to military service and task force. Providing security in such scenarios is critical. Zero Knowledge Protocol (ZKP) help a prover convince a verifier that he /she holds some knowledge (usually secret), without leaking any information about the knowledge during verification process (zero knowledge).This paper briefly state the zero knowledge protocol to authenticate nodes in MANET and explore the game based approach for the detection of misbehaving nodes using 50-50 packet trade model, which ensures the selfish node to cooperate and detect maliciousness with low probability error. The simulation results have proved the effectiveness of the proposed Malicious Node Detection using Trade model (MNDT) with improved throughput, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay as compared with existing protocols.
Keywords:	Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET), Zero Knowledge Protocol (ZKP), authentication, packet trade model, malicious nodes
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	A TEMPERATURE AWARE Z-CURVE BASED ONLINE TASK PLACEMENT ALGORITHM FOR PARTIALLY RECONFIGURABLE FPGAs
Author:	SENOJ JOSEPH, Dr. K.BASKARAN
Abstract:	Partially runtime reconfigurable FPGA’s allow hardware tasks to be placed and removed dynamically at runtime. A fast and efficient algorithm for finding empty area is necessary for online placement algorithms. This paper deals with online scheduling and placement of tasks onto partially reconfigurable FPGAs in which CLB are labeled using Z-curve. The free space can be described easily using one dimensional run length based coding thereby making addition and deletion of task as simple as inserting entries into the run length list. Simulations indicate that the proposed methods produce better placement with 10% less task rejection when compared with related approaches Nowadays temperature distribution on the FPGA is a major issue. Hence the work is extended to develop a novel temperature aware model. This algorithm divides the entire surface of the FPGA into several clusters. Task are allocated to each cluster based on parameters like temperature, stress, fragmentation etc. The proposed model achieves lower temperature distribution with slight increase in rejection rate.
Keywords:	Partially Reconfigurable FPGA, Online Placement, Space Filling Curves, Reconfigurable Computing, Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits, Temperature Management
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	A LOCAL TOPOLOGY RECONFIGURATION MECHANISM TO IMPROVE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
Author:	P.K.POONGUZHALI V.S.JAYANTHI
Abstract:	A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a self organizing wireless network system consists of number of energy limited sensor nodes. Since sensor nodes are battery powered devices, they have limited processing and transmission power and with limited communication ability. In order to transmit sensing data to receiver effectively, it is necessary to design an energy efficient routing protocol for WSNs. The nodes with greater signal strength will have more communication link and result in faster energy consumption as a whole network cannot always work under the same topology structure. A topology reconnecting mechanism of the cluster head rotation algorithm is needed. This paper presents an Enhanced Forward Aware Factor -Energy Balanced Routing Method (EFAF-EBRM) based on the selection of appropriate cluster head to improve the energy efficiency . In this technique the sensor node may prefer to select cluster head that makes the total energy consumption least.This proposed cluster formation strategy decreases the communication overhead and increses the packet delivery ratio.More over this technique over come the problem in the existing rouitng method FAF-EBRM when local topology reconfiguration is needed. In this method an optimal solution for cluster head selection is proposed .The sensor nodes in the proposed algorithm pick out their appropriate cluster heads rather than the nearest for the sake of energy efficiency The newly proposed cluster formation strategy reduces the delay even for the long distance link. Simulations results also prove that the proposed cluster formation strategy is better performance compared with FAF-EBRM and LEACH in terms of Energy balanced factor, Network lifetime, communication over head and delay.
Keywords:	Forward Aware Factor(FAF), Cluster Formation ,Communication Over Head ,Wireless Sensor Networks(Wsns).
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF INTEGER CODED CUCKOO AND LEVY FLIGHTS ALGORITHM APPLIED TO UNIT-COMMITMENT PROBLEM
Author:	J.CHITRA, DR. C.S.RAVICHANDRAN
Abstract:	Optimal use of generated power using the Unit Commitment (UC) has been a of research interest for decades. Even though there were lots of optimization techniques tested on the Unit Commitment problem in the past the research is still on because of the newer optimization techniques. With this motivation new algorithms like the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) using Levy Flights Algorithm (LFA) is implemented on the Unit Commitment problem and compared with the Shifted Frog Leap Algorithm (SFLA). The parameters under study for performance comparison are the execution time, speed of convergence, search area and total number of iterations. MatlabTM based UC problem simulation is carried on a ten-unit system for a 24-hour load demand with the SFLA and CSA algorithm and the performance comparison is tabulated. The CSA algorithm gives overall improvement in the performance compared to the SFLA method of UC solution.
Keywords:	Cuckoo Search Algorithm, Unit Commitment, Shuffled Frog Leap Algorithm, Meta-Heuristic Search Algorithms, Optimization techniques.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	POWER OPTIMIZED CLOCK GATED ALU FOR LOW POWER PROCESSOR DESIGN
Author:	L.RAJA, Dr.K.THANUSHKODI
Abstract:	Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is one of the frequent and the most fundamental component in low power processor design. Besides Power consumption due to clock gated ALU can be significant in high performance systems. In general the functionality of ALU is a mixture of arithmetic and logic operations which are realized by means of combinational circuits. In this research work the power flow analysis of clock gated ALU circuits is analyzed and optimization of clock gated ALU power supply unit is done through special handing technique. The proposed design which controls the power supply unit of ALU via Clock Gated Double Edge Triggered (CGDET)flip-flop technique which outperforms the traditional Clock Gated Single-Edge-Triggered (CGSET) flip-flop and it reduces the power consumption by 2.2% while keeping the same data rate. In contrast with existing techniques the proposed method has simpler structure, lower delay time, condensed Power Delay Product (PDP), Energy Delay Product (EDP) and Static current has been tabulated. The work suggests that clock gated double edge triggering provides optimized power management for ALU design.
Keywords:	Clock Gated Single-Edge-Triggered (CGSET) Flip-Flop, Clock Gated Double- Edge -Triggered (CGDET) Flip-Flop, Power Delay Product, Energy Delay Product, Arithmetic And Logic Unit
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	AN ASSESSMENT ON THE PASSWORD PRACTICES AMONG STUDENTS
Author:	MOHD ZALISHAM JALI, SHAHARUDIN ISMAIL, ZUL HILMI ABDULLAH
Abstract:	User authentication can be defined as the process of proving the user’s identity. Three typical categories of user authentication are based on users’ knowledge (i.e. PIN and Passwords), users’ possession (i.e. Smart Card and Token) and users’ characteristics (i.e. Iris and typing pattern). This paper presents an extensive review related to password-based authentication and then reports the latest experimental study conducted to evaluate the password practices among students within the authors’ institution. Participants within the study were given a scenario where their accounts were hacked and straightforwardly, they were asked to create new passwords according to three conditions; namely C1 (i.e. having at least one upper, lower, number and special character), C2 (i.e. contains at least three words) and C3 (i.e. combination of C1 and C2 respectively). After a week time, they were again invited to participate by writing down their passwords to investigate memorability. Overall, the study managed to recruit 380 students, having a total of 1140 passwords. From the analysis covering password memorability, password creation and password perception, it could be reported that the three tested conditions have both positive and negative outcomes, thus authors suggest that ‘a second look’ should be considered if these conditions to be implemented in real setting.
Keywords:	User authentication, Memorability, Password, Knowledge-based Authentication, Vulnerabilities
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORY SYSTEM AT DIVISION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN PT XYZ (A CASE STUDY APPROACH)
Author:	OHANNES KURNIAWAN, FLORENCIA IRENA, FELICIA RATNA CHANDRA DEWI, IRENE STEPHANIY
Abstract:	PT. XYZ realizes that knowledge is one of the truly valuable asset for the company. Therefore, PT. XYZ wants to build knowledge repository system as a tool to support the knowledge capture process and management, also the knowledge sharing between employees. The purpose of this writing is to design a knowledge repository system at PT. XYZ so we can recommend the concept and design of knowledge repository system that will be developed in the future. Design methods used here are data collection method from interview, literature study, and also system analysis and design method based on object according to Bennett. Results to be achieved are the concept and design, also the prototype of knowledge repository system. From this writing we can summarize that with the automated storage and search structure, it is expected to bring ease for the employees in searching the required knowledge. This recommendation of storage system is useful to keep all knowledge from every PT. XYZ employee. Nevertheless, the content management is required to ensure the accuracy of the stored knowledge.
Keywords:	Knowledge Management, Application, Information Technology
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	DEEP EXTREME TRACKER BASED ON BOOTSTRAP PARTICLE FILTER
Author:	ALEXANDER A S GUNAWAN, MOHAMAD IVAN FANANY, WISNU JATMIKO
Abstract:	Visual tracking in mobile robots have to track various target objects in fast processing, but existing state-of-the-art methods only use specific image feature which only suitable for certain target objects. In this paper, we proposed new approach without depend on specific feature. By using deep learning, we can learn essential features of many of the objects and scenes found in the real world. Furthermore, fast visual tracking can be achieved by using Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The developed tracking algorithm is based on bootstrap particle filter. Thus the observation model of particle filter is enhanced into two steps: offline training step and online tracking step. The offline training stage is carried out by training one kind of deep learning techniques: Stacked Denoising Autoencoder (SDAE) with auxiliary image data. During the online tracking process, an additional classiﬁcation layer based on ELM is added to the encoder part of the trained. Using experiments, we found (i) the specific feature is only suitable for certain target objects (ii) the running time of the tracking algorithm can be improved by using ELM with regularization and intensity adjustment in online step, (iii) dynamic model is crucial for object tracking, especially when adjusting the diagonal covariance matrix values. Preliminary experimental results are provided. The algorithm is still restricted to track single object and will extend to track multiple object and will enhance by creating the advanced dynamic model. These are remaining for our future works.
Keywords:	visual tracking, mobile robots, bootstrap particle filter, deep learning, extreme learning machine
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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Title:	PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WORM HOLE ATTACK ON AD HOC ON DEMAND MULTIPATH DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING
Author:	Ramya Dorai, Rajaram. M
Abstract:	Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. Security is a dominant concern in MANET due to its intrinsic vulnerabilities. MANETs are receptive to attacks due to its open medium, dynamically changing network topology, cooperative algorithms, lack of central monitoring and management point, and lack of a line of defense. Nodes depend on each other for packet transmission from source node to destination node through routing. The efficiency of a network degrades due to the presence of malicious nodes. This study evaluates the impact of wormhole attack on MANET. Adhoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing is considered for evaluation.
Keywords:	Multimodal Biometrics, Fingerprint, Finger Vein, Radial Basis Function (RBF) Classifier, BAT, Gravitational Search
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 31st August 2014 -- Vol. 66. No. 3 -- 2014
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